{"id":80,"date":"2021-11-19T07:11:50","date_gmt":"2021-11-19T07:11:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=80"},"modified":"2022-01-14T14:30:44","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T14:30:44","slug":"2016-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=80","title":{"rendered":"2016 &#8211; 2017"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:29%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"595\" height=\"842\" src=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2016-2017-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-135\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2016-2017-1.png 595w, https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2016-2017-1-212x300.png 212w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CUPRINS2016-2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CUPRINS<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CUPRINS2016-2017.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button\" download>Descarc\u0103<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Anul: 2016 &#8211; 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Editor: Complexul Muzeal <br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud<br \/>ISSN: 1222-5096<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:71%\">\n<p><strong>Carol KACS\u00d3<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vasele-strecur\u0103toare f\u0103r\u0103 fund ale culturii Suciu de Sus<br>Die bodenlosen Siebgef\u00e4\u00dfe der Suciu de Sus-Kultur<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e041e637041496901' value='6a0216e041e637041496901'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e041e637041496901' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e041e637041496901' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e041e637041496901' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e041e637041496901' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Die bodenlosen Siebgef\u00e4\u00dfe der Suciu de Sus-Kultur<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Der Verfasser legt die bodenlosen Siebgef\u00e4\u00dfe vor, die in den Siedlungen der Suciu de Sus-Kultur entdeckt wurden. Solche Gef\u00e4\u00dfe sind im Gebrauch mit unterschiedlicher Intensit\u00e4t in verschiedenen Teilen Euroasiens, in mehreren kulturellen Landschaften, vom Neolithikum bis zur r\u00f6mi\u00ad schen Kaiser- und fr\u00fchen V\u00f6lkerwanderungszeit. &nbsp;Einige Forscher halten diese Gef\u00e4\u00dfe f\u00fcr die Glutdeckel\/Feuerst\u00fclpen, andere betrachten sie als Ger\u00e4te in Zusammenhang mit der Milchver\u00ad arbeitung bzw. K\u00e4seherstellung oder zur Gewinnung des Haselnu\u00df\u00f6ls. Ihre Deutung bleibt noch fraglich<\/span>.<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator alignwide is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Marius ARDELEANU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Surse literare privind existen\u021ba armurii de tip linothorax<br>Ancient literary sources and the existence of linothorax type of armor<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e041feb5049425290' value='6a0216e041feb5049425290'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e041feb5049425290' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e041feb5049425290' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e041feb5049425290' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e041feb5049425290' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Surse literare privind existen\u021ba armurii de tip linothorax<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Rezumat)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00een antichitate, grecii, referindu-se la orice tip de armur\u0103, indiferent de compozi\u021bia ei, foloseau cuv\u00e2ntul thorax (Ot\u00fcpa\u00c7), care \u00een traducere ad literam \u00eensemna \u201epiept\u2019. Acest cuv\u00e2nt, cu referire la diferite tipuri de protec\u021bii de corp, \u00een special cele metalice, este \u00een mod normal interpretat, ca \u0219i \u201earmur\u0103&#8221;, \u201ecuiras\u0103&#8221; sau \u201eplato\u0219\u0103&#8221;. Ca urmare, cuv\u00e2ntul linothorax (\u00c0ivoO\u0153pa\u00c7), s-ar putea traduce prin \u201earmur\u0103 din p\u00e2nz\u0103 de in&#8221;. Spre deosebire de alte tipuri de armuri (de exemplu cele din metal), nici o armur\u0103 de tip linothorax nu a supravie\u021buit p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een zilele noastre. \u00eens\u0103 existen\u021ba ei este atestat\u0103 de numeroase surse literare \u0219i vizuale. \u00een acest articol autorul a dorit s\u0103 sintetizeze totalitatea surselor scrise care ne ofer\u0103 dovezi ale existen\u021bei armurii din p\u00e2nz\u0103 din in (linothorax) \u00een perioada antic\u0103. Cel mai devreme termenul de linothorax apare men\u021bionat \u00een lliada lui Homer, apoi aceste informa\u021bii sunt apoi reluate de al\u021bi comentatori antici (Pliniu cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n, Strabo) sau \u00een poezii (Alceu, Sofocle, Platon), oracole (oracolul din Delphi), lexicoane, liste de cuvinte sau lucr\u0103ri gramaticale. \u00een total cuv\u00e2ntul linothorax a fost identificat ca fiind utilizat de 41 de ori de c\u0103tre 14 autori \u0219i 13 anonimi. Num\u0103rul surselor literare antice care atest\u0103 acest tip de armur\u0103 este \u00eens\u0103 mult mai mare, acest tip de armur\u0103 fiind descris\u0103 uneori de autorii antici \u0219i cu termenii deun thorax realizat din in &#8230;\u201d. Este cazul unor astfel de armuri \u0219i piese de echipament militar depuse \u00een temple \u0219i sanctuare (de exemplu, la templul din Olimpia, Delos sau templul lui Apollo din Gryneion au fost depuse, ca ofrand\u0103, astfel de tipuri de armuri). Adunate per total, exist\u0103 65 de referiri distincte f\u0103cute de peste 40 autori antici care atest\u0103 explicit existen\u021ba unei tip de armuri realizat\u0103 din p\u00e2nz\u0103 din in. Conform surselor literare antice armura de tip linothorax era r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 \u00een \u00eentreg bazinul mediteraneean din zona estic\u0103 a ei p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Peninsula Iberic\u0103 la popula\u021bii diverse precum egiptenii, asirienii, fenicienii, per\u0219ii, grecii, macedoneenii, halibii, etruscii, smani\u021bii, lucani, romanii, nubienii \u0219i lusitanii.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Ancient literary sources and the existence of linothorax type of armor<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">In antiquity, the Greeks, referring to any&nbsp; type of armor, whatever their composition, used the word thorax&nbsp; (Oujpa\u021b), which ad literam meant \u201cchesf. This word, referring to different types of body protections, especially metal, is usually interpreted as \u201carmor\u201d, \u201chauberk&#8221; or \u201cbreastplate&#8221;. As a result, the word linothorax (\u00c0ivoO\u0153pa\u00c7) could be translated as \u201clinen cloth armor\u201d. Unlike other types of armor (such as metal), no linothorax armor &nbsp;has survived to this day. But its existence is proven by many literary and visual sources. In this article, the author wanted to synthesize all the written sources that give us evidence of the existence of linothorax armor during the ancient period. The earliest term linothorax appears in Homer\u2019s Iliad, then this information is used by other ancient authors (Pliny the Elder, Strabo) or in poems (Alceu, Sofocle, Platon), oracles (Delphi oracle), lexicons, word lists or grammatical works. In total, the word linothorax was identified as being used 41 times by 14 authors and 13 anonymous. However, the number of ancient literary sources attesting this type of armor is much higher, sometimes has been described by ancient authors with the words &#8222;&#8230; a thorax made from linen&#8230;\u201d. It is the case of such armours and pieces of military equipment from temples and sanctuaries (for example, in the temple of Olimpia, Delos or in the temple of Apollo in Gryneion such types of armor have been deposited as a offering for the gods). Gathered in total, there are 65 distinct references made by over 40 ancient authors who explicitly attest to the existence of a type of armor made of linen cloth. According to ancient literary sources, the linothorax armor was spread throughout the Mediterranean basin from its eastern area to the Iberian Peninsula to various&nbsp; populations&nbsp; such as&nbsp; the Egyptians, Assyrians, Phoenicians, Persians, Greeks, Macedonians, Etruscans, Lucans, Romans, Nubians&nbsp; and Lusitans.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator alignwide is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hora\u021biu COCI\u0218<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Watchtowers and burgus-type structures reflected in Roman epigraphic sources (1st-3rd century A.D.).<br>Turnuri de supraveghere \u0219i structuri de tip burgus \u00een sursele epigrafice romane (sec. I-III e.n.)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e0421119052329511' value='6a0216e0421119052329511'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e0421119052329511' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e0421119052329511' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e0421119052329511' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e0421119052329511' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Turnuri de supraveghere \u0219i structuri de tip burgus\u00een sursele epigrafice romane (sec. I-III e.n.)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Rezumat)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Prezentul studiu \u00ee\u0219i propune o sistematizare \u0219i o analiz\u0103 a surselor epigrafice romane care men\u021bioneaz\u0103 construc\u021bia sau existen\u021ba turnurilor de supraveghere \u0219i a structurilor de tip burgus din cadrul frontierei Imperiului. Utiliz\u00e2nd un spectru geografic larg, din Numidia \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Pannonia, studiul \u0219i-a propus eviden\u021bierea terminologic\u0103, structurala \u0219i func\u021bional\u0103 a diferen\u021bei dintre cele dou\u0103 fortifica\u021bii minore existente \u00een cadrul oric\u0103rei fron\u00ad tiere non-liniare, turres \u0219i burgi, demostr\u00e2nd \u00eentr-o m\u0103sur\u0103 relativ\u0103 c\u0103 ace\u0219ti termeni se refer\u0103 \u00een majoritatea cazurilor la entit\u0103\u021bi structurale distincte, cu rol propriu \u00een mecanismul limes-ului<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dan DANA<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">De nouveau sur le miroir d\u2019Ili\u015fua avec l\u2019inscription \u00abBonjour, madame !\u00bb:une autre pi\u00e8ce issue du m\u00eame atelier<br>Din nou despre oglinda de la Ili\u015fua cu inscrip\u0163ia \u201eDoamna mea, salutare!\u201d: o alt\u0103 pies\u0103 produs\u0103 de acela\u015fi atelier<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e0421ca6083496789' value='6a0216e0421ca6083496789'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e0421ca6083496789' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e0421ca6083496789' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e0421ca6083496789' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e0421ca6083496789' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Din nou despre oglinda de la Ili\u0219ua cu inscrip\u021bia \u201eDoamna mea, salutare!\u201d: o alt\u0103 pies\u0103 produs\u0103 de acela\u0219i atelier<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Rezumat)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Un capac de oglind\u0103 descoperit \u00eentr-una din cl\u0103dirile praetorium-M castrului auxiliar de la Arcobara\\Ili\u0219ua (jud. Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud), publicat \u00een aceast\u0103 revist\u0103 \u00een 2015, poart\u0103 o inscrip\u021bie de dou\u0103 linii \u00een greac\u0103 (echivalent al formulei Ave dominai dispus\u0103 sub dou\u0103 p\u0103s\u0103ri. Un alt disc de plumb, provenind de la Ostrov (jud. Constan\u021ba), deci de la Durostorum, ublicat de cur\u00eend, reprezint\u0103 un tip u\u0219or diferit produs f\u0103r\u0103 urm\u0103 de \u00eendoial\u0103 de acela\u0219i atelier dintr-o provincie elenofon\u0103. Ambele discuri, separate de un fir median, prezint\u0103 \u00een registrul superior doi fazani dispu\u0219i \u00een mod sime\u00ad tric, dup\u0103 un model identic, iar dedesubt o inscrip\u021bie \u00een greac\u0103 ; perle s\u00eent a\u0219ezate simetric \u00een cele dou\u0103 registre. Formula oglinzii de la Ostrov este \u201eFrumoasei doamne\u201d. Cele dou\u0103 oglinzi, oferite unor so\u021bii de militari (un ofi\u021ber auxiliar \u0219i un legionar), dovedesc circula\u021bia unor obiecte de calitate, inscrip\u021bionate sau nu, la o scar\u0103 regional\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Corneliu GAIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Plumburi romane din castrul de la Ili\u0219ua<br>Des plombs romains du camp d\u2019Ili\u0219ua<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e04227c8097992081' value='6a0216e04227c8097992081'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e04227c8097992081' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e04227c8097992081' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e04227c8097992081' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e04227c8097992081' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Des plombs romains du camp d\u2019lli\u0219ua<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">A c\u00f4t\u00e9 des nombreuses traces qui prouvent la pr\u00e9sence des artisans et des ateliers pour le travail du bronze et du fer, dans le castrum romain d\u2019lli\u0219ua les fouilles ont mis en lumi\u00e8re des objets en plomb, preuve du traitement de ce m\u00e9tal. A c\u00f4t\u00e9 des rebuts et des d\u00e9chets qui soutiennent l\u2019hy\u00ad poth\u00e8se d\u2019un atelier pour le travail du plomb, nous nous trouvons dans le castrum quelques objets fait de ce mat\u00e9riel : un chandelier \u00e0 basin ouvert (PI.1.4-6), des rames et des couvercles pour les miroirs (PI. II. 1-3), des ponds (PI. V. 1.4), un couvercle d\u2019un pot (PI. II.4), une pi\u00e8ce d\u2019armememnt, plumbata (PI. III.1), la plupart parus dans des contextes claires, provenant de la seconde moiti\u00e9 du IIe si\u00e8cle et de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du IIIe si\u00e8cle.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Radu Z\u0102GREANU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">O statuet\u0103 din teracot\u0103 de epoc\u0103 roman\u0103 de la Bude\u0219ti (jud. Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud) <br>A Roman age terracotta statuette from Bude\u0219ti (Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud county)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e04232a9073713686' value='6a0216e04232a9073713686'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e04232a9073713686' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e04232a9073713686' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e04232a9073713686' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e04232a9073713686' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">A Roman age terracotta statuette from Bude\u0219ti (Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud county)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Summary)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">In the collection of the school museum from Bude\u0219ti (Bude\u0219ti commune, Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud county) we have identified a terracotta statuette with the representation of a Roman deity. Thus, the artifact was discovered in 1965 by student Filip Olimpia during a hike with the school, at the point \u201c\u021aigla lui M\u00e2ndru lona\u0219\u201d, in the plowed field. &nbsp;The dimensions of the statuette are as follows: height -14.5 cm, base width &#8211; 4.5 cm. &nbsp;The statuette is made of a fine, orange-brownish paste. The artifact presents a male character wearing a bardocuccullus that covers the entire body to the knees. The face of the character is a distinctive one, looking like a teenager, his eyes are distinctive, with marked eyeballs, his nose is large, slightly damaged on the left, the lips are sketched out briefly, and under his hood one distinguishes slightly his curly hair that falls on his shoul\u00ad ders, the straight, rigid neck giving the feeling of stiffness. The pointy hood (cucullus) is slightly inclined to the left, and its top is flattened. The cloak descends and covers the entire body, except the genital area. The hood and the cloak are held by two fibulae (?) rendered in the form of well-shaped protrusions that hold one side and the other of the garment. From there starts a separating channel suggesting the two sides of the cloak, which opens in the hip area so that the phallic member of the character is shown very suggestively. The sexual organ of the deity is exaggerated, reaching to the level of the foot. Underneath his cloak, the feet are distinguished, without clear details of the type of footwear worn, they seem to be simple calcei. The back of the statuette is finished, but it has a transversal break that existed when the artifact has been discovered, and inside it there are either ceramic fragments fallen inside or possibly seeds that cause the statuette to emit a rattling sound, like Risi type statuettes. The divinity is post\u00ad ed on a 4.5 X 3 cm quadrangular base, rendered by a bottom channel, with a concave fixing hole of 3 x 2.5 cm underneath. &nbsp;Because of the lack of certain attributes it is difficult to clearly determine what deity it is. We tend to identify the statuette as a representation of a Genius Cucullatus, based on the clear presence of bardocucullus. As for the ithyphallic-type representations of the god Telesphorus, it should be emphasized that this attribute is a secondary one. The most eloquent analogies for the analyzed statuette are two anthropomorphic oil lamps from Ampelum. &nbsp;Regarding the place of discovery of the statuette, monetary and ceramic discoveries converge to the idea of the existence of at least one Roman archaeological site in the area, most likely a rural settlement. The functionality of the statuette must be related to the religious pantheon of the rural world of the province Dacia. A. Antal considers the cult of these divinities as a cult of personal valences, rather than an official cult. It is also considered to be related to the idea of protecting children, marking a stage of their passage from childhood to adolescence, statuettes of this type being extremely rare in Dacia, all coming from domestic environments. However, the presence of the ithyphallic representation also suggests certain connotations related to the cult of fecundity and fertility.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Corneliu GAIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mortaria din castrul roman de la Ili\u0219ua<br>Les mortiers de camp romain d\u2019Ili\u0219ua<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e0423e14064006131' value='6a0216e0423e14064006131'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e0423e14064006131' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e0423e14064006131' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e0423e14064006131' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e0423e14064006131' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Les mortiers de camp romain d\u2019lli\u0219ua<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Travaill\u00e9s en diff\u00e9rentes p\u00e2tes, certains en p\u00e2te fines, avec des murs fins, sans l\u2019impression des fragments de\u00bb quartz \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, ils ont proba\u00ad blement \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9talage des produits ou \u00e0 la conservation des produits laitiers, d\u2019autres en p\u00e2te plus grossi\u00e8re, avec des gros murs et les bords larges de 5-7 cm, des petites pierres et fragments rocheux \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, la mortaria de Ili\u0219ua surprennent par le grand nombre des r\u00e9cipients pr\u00e9sent dans le camp comme dans l\u2019espace civil, pour l\u2019usage des soldats et de la population civile. La plupart sont produites dans l\u2019ateliers locaux, les noms des potiers \u00e9tant marqu\u00e9s sur les bords des pots. Aux noms d\u00e9j\u00e0 connus de Claudius Donitius Evarestus et de Valerius Lucius Rufus, confirm\u00e9s par des nouveaux tampons, s\u2019ajoutent un Cl(audius) lanu(arius) et deux tampons \u00e0 l\u2019inscription RFVI.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mihai Florin HASAN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Familia nobiliar\u0103 de \u015eintereag [Somkerek] \u0219i evolu\u021bia acesteia de la finalul epocii angevine p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een timpul jagellonilor [secolele XIV-XVI] B. \u00centregiri genealogice 1382-1526. [II] <br>The royal Somkerek family and their evolution from the end of the Angevin era to the Jangellons\u2019 time (XIV-XVI centuries). B. Family tree 1382-1526. [II]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e04248c7008373432' value='6a0216e04248c7008373432'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e04248c7008373432' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e04248c7008373432' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e04248c7008373432' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e04248c7008373432' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">The royal Somkerek family and their evolution from the end of the Angevin era to the Jangellons\u2019 time (XIV-XVI centuries) B. Family tree 1382-1526.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The study is the second part of a wider study devoted to the noble family of \u0218intereag, this part trying to complete the genealogy of the family, but especially to offer, I think, the dynamics of a noble family marriages over a century kneading of social, especially political, military and economic history of Hungarian kingdom confronted with the danger of permanent extinction, standing in front of an aggressive emerging country, as was the Ottoman state. Family of \u0218intereag tried to consolidate its heritage also through marriages, especially in a succesion of generations, in its consistent three branches.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Mihai Florin HASAN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Familia nobiliar\u0103 de \u0218intereag [Somker\u00e9k] \u0219i evolu\u021bia acesteia de la finalul epocii angevine p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een timpul jagellonilor [secolele XIV-XVI] C. Limitele puterii: 1391-1430. Func\u021bii, itinerarii, familiari \u0219i slujitori. Cazul lui Anthonius Erd\u00e9lyi. [III]<br>The royal Somkerek family and their evolution from the end of the Angevin era to the Jangellons\u2019  time (XIV-XVI centuries). C. Restrictions on power 1391-1430. Positions, itineraries, acquaintances, and servants. The case of Anthonius Erd\u00e9lyi. [III]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e0425361090261197' value='6a0216e0425361090261197'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e0425361090261197' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e0425361090261197' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e0425361090261197' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e0425361090261197' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">The royal Somkerek family and their evolution from the end of the Angevin era to the Jangellons\u2019 time (XIV-XVI centuries) &nbsp;C. Restrictions on power 1391-1430. Positions, itineraries, acquaintances, and servants.The case of Anthonius Erd\u00e9lyi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The study represents the third part of a wider study devoted to the noble kindred of \u0218intereag; this part is a case study trying to identify the famili are sand famuli of the one particular member of the family (Anthonius Erd\u00e9lyi), but especially to capture the dynamics of a noble sittineraries over a time of 4 decades in the service of one special magnate (Nicolaus of Gara) and king-emperor of the Hungarian kingdomand Holy Roman Empire, Sigismund of Luxemburg.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SIMON Zsolt<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-10.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vigesima din Bistri\u021ba \u00een Evul Mediu <br>La vigesima de Bistri\u021ba au Moyen-\u00e2ge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e0426099012426567' value='6a0216e0426099012426567'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e0426099012426567' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e0426099012426567' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e0426099012426567' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e0426099012426567' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">La vigesima de Bistri\u021ba au Moyen-\u00e2ge<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Dans la Transylvanie du Moyen-\u00e2ge, il y avait des offices vig\u00e9simales (nomm\u00e9s tric\u00e9simale avant la reforme financi\u00e8re de 1467), c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire des institutions qui administraient les revenus des douanes du commerce ext\u00e9rieur: Bra\u0219ov, Sibiu et Bistri\u021ba. L\u2019histoire du Moyen-\u00e2ge des premiers deux offices a \u00e9t\u00e9 amplement d\u00e9crite par les historiens, sp\u00e9cialement par Radu Manolescu, Zsigmond P\u00e2l Pach et Maria Pakucs-Willcocks. Le pass\u00e9 de la vig\u00e9sima de Bistri\u021ba a suscit\u00e9 en moindre mesure l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des historiens, probablement d\u00e9courag\u00e9s par l\u2019absence des registres douaniers, contrairement au cas de Bra\u0219ov et de Sibiu. &nbsp;La pr\u00e9sente \u00e9tude, \u00e9crits dans l\u2019intention de combler cette lacune, nous exposons l\u2019histoire de cet office d\u00e9crivant et analysant l\u2019administration et les revenus de la douane de Bistri\u021ba. Nos sources principales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les dipl\u00f4mes, les lettres et les comptes, gard\u00e9es dans l\u2019archive de la ville de Bistri\u021ba. Nous nous sommes \u00e9galement appuy\u00e9 sur les sources historiques des archives de Sibiu et de Bra\u0219ov (car les trois offices vig\u00e9simales ont souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 subordonn\u00e9 \u00e0 ces deux villes).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Anton E. D\u00d6RNER<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Geneza \u0219i primele decenii de evolu\u021bie a Cur\u021bii princiare din Transilvania<br>Die Entstehung und Entwicklung des F\u00fcrstenhofes in den ersten Jahrzehnten in Siebenb\u00fcrgen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e0426c69047826521' value='6a0216e0426c69047826521'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e0426c69047826521' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e0426c69047826521' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e0426c69047826521' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e0426c69047826521' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Geneza \u0219i primele decenii de evolu\u021bie ale cur\u021bii princiare din Transilvania<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Rezumat)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Moartea regelui maghiar loan I (1540) a declan\u0219at o criz\u0103 profund\u0103 care a dus la dezintegrarea Ungariei \u00een trei teritorii distincte: partea de vest \u0219i de nord cu Slovacia, Slovenia \u0219i Croa\u021bia r\u0103m\u00e2n sub st\u0103p\u00e2nirea habsburgica; centrul transformat \u00een pa\u0219al\u00e2c, iar Transilvania devine un principat autonom sub suzeranitate turceasc\u0103. \u021aara a fost \u00eencredin\u021bat\u0103 spre conducere reginei Isabella \u0219i fiului ei recent n\u0103scut loan Sigismund. Ei \u00ee\u0219i fixeaz\u0103 re\u0219edin\u021ba in palatul din Alba Iulia pe care o transforma \u00eentr-o adev\u0103rat\u0103 capital\u0103 a Transilvaniei \u00eentemeind aici o curte princiar\u0103 care va deveni cunos\u00ad cut\u0103 \u00een numai trei decenii \u00een toata Europa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Die Entstehung und Entwicklung des F\u00fcrstenhofes in den ersten Jahrzehnten in Siebenb\u00fcrgen<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Der Tod des ungarischen K\u00f6nigs Johannes I. (1540) l\u00f6ste eine tiefe Krise aus, die zum Zerfall Ungarns in drei unterschiedliche Landesteile f\u00fchrte: das n\u00f6rdliche und das westliche Gebiet mit der Slowakei, mit Slowenien und Kroatien blieb unter habsburgischer Herrschaft, der zentrale Teil wurde in ein Paschalik verwandelt und Siebenb\u00fcrgen wurde zu einem autonomen F\u00fcrstentum unter t\u00fcrkischer Suzer\u00e4nit\u00e4t. Das Land wurde der K\u00f6nigin Isabella und ihrem neugeborenen Sohn Johann Sigismund zur Herrschaft anvertraut. Sie w\u00e4hlten als ihre Residenz den Palast von Alba lulia (Wei\u00dfenburg) und machten den Ort zu einer wahren Hauptstadt von Siebenb\u00fcrgen, wo sie einen F\u00fcrstenhof gr\u00fcndeten, der innerhalb von nur drei Jahrzehnten in ganz Europa bekannt wurde.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Anton Eilhart D\u00d6RNER<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fenomenul corup\u021biei \u00een societatea transilv\u0103nean\u0103 \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a secolul al XVII-lea<br>Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de la corruption dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 transylvaine dans la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XVIIe si\u00e8cle<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e0427d00060300166' value='6a0216e0427d00060300166'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e0427d00060300166' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e0427d00060300166' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e0427d00060300166' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e0427d00060300166' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de la corruption dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 transylvaine dans la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XVIIe si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">La crise connue par la Principaut\u00e9 de la Transylvanie au milieu du XVIIe si\u00e8cle a conduit \u00e0 la prolif\u00e9ration des actes de corruption dans les rangs d\u2019une population qui, au d\u00e9cours des quelques ann\u00e9es, avait vu sa fortune perdue ou d\u00e9pr\u00e9ci\u00e9e. Le prince Michel Apafi, install\u00e9 sur le tr\u00f4ne en 1661, d\u00e9marre un projet de redressement du pays comprenant l\u2019obtention du support de la noblesse, le r\u00e9tablissement de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 morale sur l\u2019ensemble de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, le respect de son alliance avec l\u2019Empire Ottoman. Pour b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de l\u2019appui de la noblesse, il c\u00e8des aux nobles des domaines que les nouveaux propri\u00e9taires les \u00e9tendent contre des pots-de-vin offerts aux officiers de la cour. Une des sources de la grande corruption provenait de la soustraction des sommes per\u00e7ues par le fisc et les autorit\u00e9s s\u2019efforces de les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer. La lutte contre la corruption avait aussi une dimension morale: des sanctions contre ceux qui prof\u00e9raient des injures ou s\u2019absentait du service religieux.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vasile M\u0102RCULE\u021a<\/strong><br><strong>Ioan M\u0102RCULE\u021a<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Considera\u021bii privind func\u021bionarea Districtului Protopopesc Rom\u00e2n Unit al Media\u0219ului \u00een secolul al XVIII-lea <br>Considerations Regarding the Functioning of the Romanian Greek-Catholic Deanery Medias during the 18th Century<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e0428879010366077' value='6a0216e0428879010366077'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e0428879010366077' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e0428879010366077' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e0428879010366077' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e0428879010366077' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Considerations Regarding the Functioning of the Romanian Greek-Catholic Deanery Medias during the 18th Century<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The beginnings of the Romanian Greek-Catholic Deanery of Medias are still controversial. The first information regarding the functioning of a Romanian Greek-Catholic Deanery of Medias dates since 1782. After this date it probably ceased to exist. The final organization took place in 1927 (Translated by Theodora M\u0103rcule\u021b).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Elisabeta SCURTU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">C\u00e2teva preciz\u0103ri privind stola din Vicariatul Rodnei \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului al XIX-lea<br>Quelques pr\u00e9cisions sur l\u2019\u00e9tole du Vicariat de Rodna dans la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XIXe si\u00e8cle<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e04293c1012397325' value='6a0216e04293c1012397325'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e04293c1012397325' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e04293c1012397325' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e04293c1012397325' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e04293c1012397325' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Quelques pr\u00e9cisions sur l\u2019\u00e9tole du Vicariat de Rodna dans la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XIXe si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">L\u2019article rend compte des moyens employ\u00e9s pour assurer les revenus des pr\u00eatres dans les villages roumains plac\u00e9s sur l\u2019ancienne fronti\u00e8re militaire dans la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XIXe si\u00e8cle, en s\u2019appuyant sur les archives. Une des source des revenus \u00e9tait le payement des c\u00e9r\u00e9monies de bapt\u00eames, de mariage, d\u2019enterrement et de service m\u00e9moriel. Les taux des taxes per\u00e7ues par les pr\u00eatres pr\u00e9sentaient des variations consid\u00e9rables, ce qui a provoqu\u00e9 des nombreuses tensions entre les cur\u00e9s et les fid\u00e8les. Pour \u00e9viter des situations pareilles, les autorit\u00e9s religieuses ont impos\u00e9s des sommes fixes \u00e0 partir du f\u00e9vrier 1868. Notre article passe en revue des maints conflits dus \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9 des croyants et aux abus des pr\u00eatres, notamment des pressions des pr\u00eatres pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer des dettes et des plaines des fid\u00e8les contre les eccl\u00e9siastiques.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Antal LUKACS,<br>\u0218erban POPESCU DOLJ<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-15.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Biserica veche din Vi\u0219tea de Jos, Bra\u0219ov, Sf. Mihail \u0219i Gavril<br>L\u2019ancienne \u00e9glise de Vi\u0219tea de Jos \u2013 Bra\u0219ov. Saints Michel et Gabriel<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e0429f06013296907' value='6a0216e0429f06013296907'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e0429f06013296907' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e0429f06013296907' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e0429f06013296907' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e0429f06013296907' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">L\u2019ancienne \u00e9glise de Vi\u0219tea de Jos &#8211; Bra\u0219ov. Saints Michel et Gabriel<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">L\u2019\u00e9glise de Vi\u0219tea de Jos est une des plus anciennes \u00e9glises orthodoxes encore existante de Pays de F\u0103g\u0103ra\u0219. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de style et de structure ont aid\u00e9 \u00e0 dater son \u00e9dification autour de 1500. Les parties les plus anciennes sont probablement le naos et l\u2019abside. Au XIXe si\u00e8cle l\u2019\u00e9glise a \u00e9t\u00e9 agrandie par l\u2019extension de la nef et l\u2019adjonction d\u2019une tour. Les fouilles r\u00e9alis\u00e9es pour l\u2019\u00e9laboration du projet de restauration ont prouv\u00e9 que l\u2019\u00e9glise de Vi\u0219tea de Jos pr\u00e9sente au moins trois phases de construction sur un endroit o\u00f9 avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 exist\u00e9 une autre \u00e9glise en bois mur\u00e9e en briques.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Emilia M\u0102\u021aAN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Problematica na\u021biunii \u0219i reflec\u021bia ei \u00een arhitectura ora\u0219ului Cluj \u00een secolul al XIX-lea<br>The nation\u2019s matters and their reflection on the architecture of the city of Cluj in the XIX century.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e042ab82093282508' value='6a0216e042ab82093282508'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e042ab82093282508' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e042ab82093282508' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e042ab82093282508' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e042ab82093282508' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Problematica na\u021biunii \u0219i reflec\u021bia ei &nbsp;\u00een arhitectura ora\u0219ului Cluj \u00een secolul al XIX-lea<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Rezumat)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Articolul de fa\u021b\u0103 \u0219i-a propus s\u0103 investigheze modul \u00een care edificiile arhitecturale servesc la construirea unei identit\u0103\u021bi na\u021bionale oficiale. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere limita temporal\u0103 a secolului al XIX-lea, \u00een care se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 subiectul abordat, am acordat aten\u021bie materializ\u0103rilor pe care problematica na\u021biunii le manifest\u0103 \u00een specificul socio-politic transilv\u0103nean, din care face parte Clujul. De asemenea, prin demersul nostru \u00eencerc\u0103m s\u0103 demonstr\u0103m capacitatea sau limita unor categorii formale, precum stilurile arhitecturale, de a se transforma \u00een expresii ale instan\u021belor puterii. Inten\u021bion\u0103m, toto\u00ad dat\u0103, a preciza maniera \u00een care rela\u021bia centru-periferie este transpus\u0103 \u00een termeni de reprezentare arhitectural\u0103. Abordarea propus\u0103 se \u00eenscrie \u00eentr-o etap\u0103 de cercet\u0103ri preliminare, care vizeaz\u0103 problematica mai larg\u0103 a ornamentului arhitectural.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">The nation\u2019s matters and their reflection &nbsp;on the architecture of the city of Cluj in the XIX century.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The current article investigates the way in which architecture takes part in the formation of an official national identity. Our case study concerns the 19th century city of Cluj with its specific Transylvanian socio-political situation. Our aim is to show the intrinsic dynamic of architectural styles and thus to challenge the direct causal relationship between symbolic forms and power. We aim therefore to show the limits of center-periphery subordi\u00ad nation in terms of architectural representations and to show how directives are negotiated at local level. The ornament proves to be not a gratuitous element, but a symbolic detail.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Florin VLA\u0218IN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rolul registrelor de stare civil\u0103 \u00een cercetarea demografic\u0103. Studiu de caz \u2013 C\u0103s\u0103toria \u0219i divor\u021bul la rom\u00e2nii ortodoc\u0219i din localitatea Bistri\u021ba-B\u00e2rg\u0103ului \u00een perioada 1850-1870<br>Le r\u00f4le des registres d\u2019\u00e9tat civil dans la recherche d\u00e9mographique. Stude de cas \u2013 le mariage et le divorce chez les roumain orthodoxes de Bistri\u021ba-B\u00e2rg\u0103ului du 1850 au 1870<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e042bb55096048432' value='6a0216e042bb55096048432'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e042bb55096048432' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e042bb55096048432' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e042bb55096048432' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e042bb55096048432' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Le r\u00f4le des registres d\u2019\u00e9tat civil dans la recherche d\u00e9mographique. &nbsp;Stude de cas &#8211; le mariage et le divorce chez les roumain orthodoxes de Bistri\u021ba-B\u00e2rg\u0103ului du 1850 au 1870<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Dans le pr\u00e9sent mat\u00e9riel par une \u00e9tude de cas, j\u2019ai essay\u00e9 de montrer l\u2019importance du r\u00f4le des registres d\u2019\u00e9tat civil dans la recherche d\u00e9mo\u00ad graphique d\u2019un village transylvain, recherche qui met en lumi\u00e8res quelques aspects &#8211; la reconstitution de la dynamique familiale, les motivation qui conduisent \u00e0 la formation d\u2019une famille et son d\u00e9chirement -, aspects sans lesquels l\u2019histoire d\u2019une localit\u00e9 n\u2019est pas lisible.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Alexandru B\u0102IE\u0218<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Activit\u0103\u021bi economice ale popula\u021biei evreie\u0219ti \u00een Districtul N\u0103s\u0103ud (1861-1876)<br>Economic activities of the Jewish population in the District of N\u0103s\u0103ud (1861-1876)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e042c628038406565' value='6a0216e042c628038406565'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e042c628038406565' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e042c628038406565' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e042c628038406565' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e042c628038406565' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Economic activities of the Jewish population in the District of N\u0103s\u0103ud (1861-1876)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The study focuses on the economic activities of the Jewish population from the District of N\u0103s\u0103ud and its impact on the local economy. A brief description of the social, economic and demographic context introduces the reader to the status of the Jewish population in the mid-19th century Transylvania. &nbsp;The work describes some of the most important economic activities of the Jewish population from the District of N\u0103s\u0103ud such as commerce with salt, wood, tobacco, alcohol and money lending. An insight on these activities is facilitated by the archive of the District Court.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cornelia VLA\u0218IN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fondurile gr\u0103nicere\u0219ti n\u0103s\u0103udene \u0219i formarea elitelor rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti din \u021aara N\u0103s\u0103udului<br>Les fonds de la garde-fronti\u00e8re de N\u0103s\u0103ud et la formation des \u00e9lites roumaines au Pays de N\u0103s\u0103ud<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e042d0f7098923527' value='6a0216e042d0f7098923527'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e042d0f7098923527' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e042d0f7098923527' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e042d0f7098923527' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e042d0f7098923527' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Les fonds de la garde-fronti\u00e8re de N\u0103s\u0103ud et la formation des \u00e9lites roumaines au Pays de N\u0103s\u0103ud<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">La cr\u00e9ation des r\u00e9giments de gardes-fronti\u00e8re et les politiques promues par le r\u00e9formisme habsbourgeois ont d\u00e9termin\u00e9 la formation et l\u2019affir\u00ad mation d\u2019une \u00e9lite intellectuelle au Pays de N\u0103s\u0103ud qui par ses accomplissements culturels, politiques et scolaires ont enclench\u00e9 le processus de la modernisation de la Val\u00e9e Sup\u00e9rieure du Some\u0219ul Mare. Appel\u00e9s a fonctionner comme un outil du l\u2019administration centrale, les r\u00e9giments ont fini par stimuler la formation des la conscience de soi des roumains par l\u2019\u00e9lite militaire ainsi constitu\u00e9e. Pendant la militarisation de la fronti\u00e8re, des Fonds scolaires&nbsp; communales&nbsp; ont \u00e9t\u00e9 constitu\u00e9s&nbsp; comme propri\u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de chaque commune frontali\u00e8re pour le fonctionnement des&nbsp; \u00e9coles primaires nationales. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces fonds les salaires des instituteurs ont pu \u00eatre pay\u00e9s, des manuels ont pu \u00eatre achet\u00e9s, les b\u00e2timents scolaires ont pu \u00eatre entretenu. Le district de N\u0103s\u0103ud a jouit d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 de ses \u00e9coles bien entretenues et d\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 des fonds pour des bourses scolaires destin\u00e9es \u00e0 la jeunesse. Entre les ann\u00e9es 1861 et 1919,2977 des bourses et d\u2019autres formes de soutient financier ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accord\u00e9es \u00e0 1190 des \u00e9coliers, orient\u00e9s vers des \u00e9coles de m\u00e9tier et des universit\u00e9s, formant une \u00e9lite roumaine qui, plus tard, prendra l\u2019\u00e9tendard de l\u2019\u00e9mancipation nationale.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Petre DIN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-21.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aspecte ale vie\u021bii cotidiene \u0219i ale mentalit\u0103\u021bii colective \u00een timpul Primului R\u0103zboi Mondial. Studiu de caz: Anul 1917<br>Aspects of daily life and the collective mentality during the First World War. Study case: 1917<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e042dd46071672875' value='6a0216e042dd46071672875'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e042dd46071672875' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e042dd46071672875' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e042dd46071672875' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e042dd46071672875' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Aspects of daily life and the collective mentality during the First World War. Study case: 1917<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The World War I produced terrifying psychological and physical trauma to combatants of the two military alliances: the Central Powers and the Triple Entente. Life of the soldier in the trenches and on the battlefield is characterized by attitudes of friendship, sense of a fulfilled duty, stoicism and sacrifice to the idea of saving the motherland in danger, by relaxing moments due permissions and consumption of drinks and cigarettes, which make his existence bearable. &nbsp;The War has generated huge debts made by the combatants member states, inflation, famine, destruction of houses, of industrial enterprises, of the network of railways and auto transport and the mobilization of millions of recruits. The millions of letters sent between military and civilians revealed the discontent with the internal government policy, peddled rumors about strikes and riots, causing depression to soldiers and affecting their morale. The ability of civilian population to resist the issues raised by the conflict depended on the local and central, national policymakers. In all countries involved in the war the policymakers stood in the background the political differences and they fared more efficient with the country\u2019s administration.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Florin VLA\u0218IN<br>Dorin DOLOGA<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-22.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Locuitori din Bistri\u021ba participan\u021bi la Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial. [II]<br>Les habitants de Bistrita participants \u00e0 la Premi\u00e8re Guerre Mondiale. [II]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e042e8c7075643886' value='6a0216e042e8c7075643886'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e042e8c7075643886' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e042e8c7075643886' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e042e8c7075643886' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e042e8c7075643886' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Les habitants de Bistrita participants \u00e0 la Premi\u00e8re Guerre Mondiale<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Pendant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre Mondiale les habitants de Bistrita ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mobilis\u00e9s, principalement, dans le R\u00e9giment 63 austro-hongrois d\u2019infan\u00ad terie de Bistri\u021ba et dans le R\u00e9giment 32 honved de Dej. Mais les habitants de Bistri\u021ba ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mobilis\u00e9s aussi dans d\u2019autres r\u00e9giments: le R\u00e9giment 2 austro-hongrois d\u2019infanterie de Bra\u0219ov, le R\u00e9giment 62 austro-hongrois d\u2019infanterie de T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, le R\u00e9giment 82 austro-hongrois d\u2019infanterie d\u2019Odorheiu Secuiesc, le R\u00e9giment 85 austro-hongrois d\u2019infanterie de Sighetul Marma\u021biei, le R\u00e9giment 12 honveds de Satu Mare, le R\u00e9giment 22 honveds de T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, les r\u00e9giments 25 honveds, 29 chasseurs, 9 cavalerie ou 16 obusiers de Sibiu et dans le Bataillon 23 chasseurs de T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219. Leur nationalit\u00e9 \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s diverse: roumains, allemends, juifs, hongrois. Pendant les combats, plusieur sont perdu leur vie ou ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9s, d\u2019autre sont disparu sur le champ de bataille.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Adrian ONOFREIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-23.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia Mare. Contribu\u021bii documentare referitoare la situa\u021bia jude\u021bului Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud<br>In Grossrum\u00e4nien. Urkunden-Beitr\u00e4ge betreffend die Situation des Kreises Bistri\u021ba N\u0103s\u0103ud<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e042f3f2001215342' value='6a0216e042f3f2001215342'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e042f3f2001215342' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e042f3f2001215342' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e042f3f2001215342' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e042f3f2001215342' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">In Grossrum\u00e4nien. &nbsp;Urkunden-Beitr\u00e4ge betreffend die Situation des Kreises Bistri\u021ba N\u0103s\u0103ud.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Als eine Fortsetzung der Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung des Verfassers ist eine Urkundensammlung vorgestellt die die Situation des Kreises Bistrita-Na- saud in Grossrum\u00e4nien bis an die Verwaltungsreform im Jahre 1925 darstellen. &nbsp;Originelle Dokumente liefern Informationen \u00fcber Verwaltung, Kommunikationswege, Landwirtschaft und Bildung. Diese zeigen wie auch&nbsp; der Kreis Bistrita-N\u00e4s\u00e4ud sich in die allgemeine Entwicklung Rum\u00e4niens in die Zwischenkriegzeit eingef\u00fcgt hat.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Viorel RUS<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-24.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><br>Despre masiva fraudare a rezultatelor alegerilor parlamentare din noiembrie 1946 \u00een arealul actualului jude\u021b Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud<br>Tout gr\u00e9ement massive des r\u00e9sultats des \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives de novembre 1946 dans les comt\u00e9 Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e0430046022959293' value='6a0216e0430046022959293'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e0430046022959293' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e0430046022959293' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e0430046022959293' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e0430046022959293' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Tout gr\u00e9ement massive des r\u00e9sultats des \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives de novembre 1946 dans les comt\u00e9 Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">L\u2019\u00e9tude examine, sur la base de ce t\u00e9moignage et des documents d\u2019archives, la mani\u00e8re dont les communistes ont impos\u00e9 des repr\u00e9sentants au Parlement \u00e0 la suite de pressions, la propagande, la voie de la mise en place des commissions \u00e9lectorales, falsification de r\u00e9sultats \u00e9lections depuis 1946. Les r\u00e9actions de certaines communaut\u00e9s sont indiqu\u00e9es par rapport \u00e0 la proc\u00e9dure par laquelle les votes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 balanc\u00e9s en faveur de la PCR et de ses satellites.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Toader NICOAR\u0102<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-25.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Istoria \u0219i memoria<br>Histoire et m\u00e9moire<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e0430bc6027291794' value='6a0216e0430bc6027291794'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e0430bc6027291794' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e0430bc6027291794' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e0430bc6027291794' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e0430bc6027291794' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Istoria \u0219i memoria<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Rezumat)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Obiectul studiului de fa\u021b\u0103 \u00eel constituie analiza raporturilor dintre istorie \u0219i psihologie, care au condus&nbsp; la deschideri epistemologice \u00eensemnate pentru \u00een\u021belegerea trecutului, a fost noile raporturi dintre istorie \u0219i memorie, ca \u0219i emergen\u021ba unei istorii a simbolicului \u0219i a dialecticii complexe dintre prezent \u0219i trecut eviden\u021biate prin intermediul memoriei. &nbsp;Studiul eviden\u021biaz\u0103 noile problematici pe care \u00eent\u00e2lnirea istoriei cu psihologia le-au adus \u00een sfera de interes a cunoa\u0219terii, care, nu este nici o \u00eendoial\u0103, au permis extinderea teritoriului istoricului, au contribuit la rafinarea instrumentelor sale de cercetare, \u0219i au deschis cercet\u0103rii subiecte \u0219i teme alt\u0103dat\u0103 de neb\u0103nuit pentru investigarea trecutului.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Histoire et m\u00e9moire<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">L\u2019objet de cette \u00e9tude est l\u2019analyse de la relation entre l\u2019histoire et la psychologie, ce qui a conduit \u00e0 la \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique d\u2019ouverture importante pour comprendre le pass\u00e9, \u00e9tait la nouvelle relation entre l\u2019histoire et de la m\u00e9moire, ainsi que l\u2019\u00e9mergence d\u2019une histoire complexe symbolique et dialectique de l\u2019\u00e9vidence actuelle et pass\u00e9e par la m\u00e9moire. L\u2019\u00e9tude met en \u00e9vidence de nouveaux probl\u00e8mes qui r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 l\u2019histoire de la psycho\u00ad logie ont apport\u00e9 dans le cadre de la connaissance, ce qui ne fait aucun doute permis \u00e0 l\u2019histoire de l\u2019expansion territoriale, ont permis d\u2019affiner ses outils de recherche, et des sujets de recherche ouverts questions auparavant insoup\u00e7onn\u00e9es pour enqu\u00eater sur le pass\u00e9.<\/span> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Adrian-Gabriel POP<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-26.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aspecte din existen\u021ba Universit\u0103\u021bii \u201eBolyai\u201d din Cluj \u00een anii `50<br>Aspects of the existence of University Bolyai University in Cluj in the 50s<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e0431c97022358489' value='6a0216e0431c97022358489'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e0431c97022358489' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e0431c97022358489' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e0431c97022358489' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e0431c97022358489' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Aspects of the existence of University Bolyai University in Cluj in the 50s<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">This paper aims to present the study of the Hungarian minority elite universities, a highly sensitive issue, but at the same time important to research for a broader understanding of contemporary&nbsp; historiography. University always&nbsp; played a very&nbsp; special role in preparing the elites, which eventually gave the essential meaning of the continuing development of this institution. &nbsp;In a first step, I will give an overview of the most important events in history of the Bolyai University, focusing on the period from 30 August 1940 (immediately after the Vienna Dictate) until 28th and May 1945, the debut year of establishment Hungarian university, the Royal Decree 1945\/407, published in the Official Gazette, but being done reference on the period between 1946 and 1959. &nbsp;The second part of the paper focuses on the aspects of the existence of university Bolyai in the 50 s. We will present the most significant events in terms of culture, which guided the years of existence, by identifying their impact on the Romanian and Hungarian community in that period. &nbsp;The research is based on sources from both complex in terms of historiography, and archival research. The paper wishes to draw attention to both specialists and general public, for a better understanding of history and a a minority of people.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LAKATOS Art\u00far<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-27.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Opinii pe marginea unui document: Raportul de \u00eencheiere a verific\u0103rii membrilor PMR din Cluj, 1950<br>Issues raised on a specific document: The final report on the assessment of PMR members of Cluj, 1950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e04328a7058303080' value='6a0216e04328a7058303080'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e04328a7058303080' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e04328a7058303080' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e04328a7058303080' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e04328a7058303080' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Opinii pe marginea unui document: &nbsp;Raportul de \u00eencheiere a verific\u0103rii membrilor PMR din Cluj, 1950<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Rezumat)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Documentul inedit, publicat pentru prima dat\u0103, marcheaz\u0103 un eveniment important din istoria comunismului din Rom\u00e2nia, cel al sf\u00e2r\u0219itului oficial al epur\u0103rilor din perioada 1948-1950, proces prin care lideri comuni\u0219ti, respectiv func\u021bionari de \u00eencredere ai partidului au eliminat din cadrul Partidului Muncitoresc Rom\u00e2n o mul\u021bime de membri pe baza unei serii de acuza\u021bii. Motivele care au stat la baza excluderilor au avut un spectru foarte larg, de la alcoolism p\u00e2n\u0103 la faptul c\u0103 un mic me\u0219te\u0219ugar avea o calf\u0103 \u00eenainte de 1945, ceea ce l-a inclus \u00een r\u00e2ndul \u201eexploatatorilor\u201d. Raportul este semnat de Pavel Bojan, un func\u021bionar de \u00eencredere al Partidului, care prezida epur\u0103rile din regiunea Cluj. Studiul introductiv \u00eencadreaz\u0103 documentul \u00een mediul politic \u0219i social al anilor cincizeci din Rom\u00e2nia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Issues raised on a specific document: &nbsp;The final report on the assessment of PMR members of Cluj, 1950<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The document currently being published for the first time is marking an important moment from the History of Romanian Communism, the end of the purges from 1948-1950, a process through which leaders and reliable staff eliminated from the Romanian Workers Party a series of members based on a series of accusations. The reasons for exclusion were more or less founded, and had a wide range, from alcoholism till a craftsman having an apprentice before 1945 at his workshop, fact which qualified him among the \u201cexploiters\u201d. The report is signed by Pavel Bojan, a reliable Communist party official, who presided over the purges in Cluj region. The introductory study is placing the document in the political and social con\u00ad text of the fifties from Romania.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ioan M\u0102RCULE\u021a<br>Vasile M\u0102RCULE\u021a<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1-28.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aspecte privind modific\u0103rile produse \u00een reparti\u021bia teritorial\u0103 a popula\u021biei rome din Rom\u00e2nia, \u00eentre 2002 \u0219i 2011<br>Aspects regarding the modifications produced in the territorial distribution of the Roma population from Romania between 2002 and 2011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e0433ae8083148694' value='6a0216e0433ae8083148694'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e0433ae8083148694' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e0433ae8083148694' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e0433ae8083148694' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e0433ae8083148694' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Aspects regarding the modifications produced in the territorial distribution &nbsp;of the Roma population from Romania between 2002 and 2011<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The oldest documentary attestation of the Roma people on the current Romanian territory dates since October 3rd&nbsp; 1385, in a document issued by &nbsp;Dan I, Prince of Wallachia. Territorially, the highest concentration is found in some counties of Transylvania, Muntenia, Oltenia and Crisana. During 2002-2011 the numerical evolution of Roma population from Romania was ascending. There are also areas in which the demographic evolution of the Roma population was negative. The counties in which such an evolution was registered are concentrated in the South-East and Southern part of the country (Timi\u0219, Dolj, Teleorman, Bucharest, etc.).<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lavinia MOLDOVAN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/recenzii.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Recenzie: \u0218tefan BACHI\u0218, Viorel RUS, REBRA \u2013 REPERE MONOGRAFICE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a0216e04346d6098632156' value='6a0216e04346d6098632156'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a0216e04346d6098632156' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a0216e04346d6098632156' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a0216e04346d6098632156' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a0216e04346d6098632156' ><\/p>\n<p><strong>Acest articol nu are rezumat<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anul: 2016 &#8211; 2017 Editor: Complexul Muzeal \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103udISSN: 1222-5096 Carol KACS\u00d3Vasele-strecur\u0103toare f\u0103r\u0103 fund ale culturii Suciu de SusDie bodenlosen Siebgef\u00e4\u00dfe der Suciu de Sus-Kultur Marius ARDELEANUSurse literare privind existen\u021ba armurii de<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=80\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-80","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>2016 - 2017 - Revista Bistritei - Anuarul de specialitate al Complexului Muzeal Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=80\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2016 - 2017 - Revista Bistritei - Anuarul de specialitate al Complexului Muzeal Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Anul: 2016 &#8211; 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