{"id":74,"date":"2021-11-19T07:11:22","date_gmt":"2021-11-19T07:11:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=74"},"modified":"2022-01-14T14:29:08","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T14:29:08","slug":"2013-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=74","title":{"rendered":"2013"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:29%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"595\" height=\"842\" src=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2013.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2013.png 595w, https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2013-212x300.png 212w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CUPRINS-2013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CUPRINS<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CUPRINS-2013.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button\" download>Descarc\u0103<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Anul: 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Editor: Complexul Muzeal <br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud<br \/>ISSN: 1222-5096<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:71%\">\n<p><strong>\u00c1rp\u00e1d TAT\u00c1R<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Idoli-neolitici-din-judetul-Bistrita-Nasaud-Arpad-Tatar.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Idoli neolitici din jude\u0163ul Bistri\u0163a-N\u0103s\u0103ud <br>Neolitische Idole aus Kreis Bistritz-Nassod<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d14da6014395553' value='69e38297d14da6014395553'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d14da6014395553' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d14da6014395553' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d14da6014395553' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d14da6014395553' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Neolitische Idole aus Kreis Bistritz-Nassod<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Nach den Ausgrabungen von Nicolae Vlassa aus Jahre 1967 in Cold\u0103u (Golda, Goldau), aus Kreis Bisatritz- Nassod wurden keine andere Materialien des Cri\u0219-Kultur publiziert-mit eine Ausnahme aus dem Jahre 2012. In dieser Artikel presentiere ich einige Idole, die in Kreis Bistritz-Nassod gefunden worden (Fig. 1. Karte mit Cri\u0219- Siedlungen, woher gezeichnete und fotografierte Cri\u0219-Materialien publiziert wurden). Das erste Idol war aus braunes Andesit gefertigt und wurde von Ion Oltean in Matei-\u201eStani\u0219te&#8221; gefunden. Es stellte in schematisierte Form der obere- und untere Teil einer Frau dar (Fig. 3). Der obere Teil des K\u00f6rpers war nach hinten gew\u00f6lbt. Die Br\u00fcste und die Vulva wurden nicht dargestellt. Die Beine wurden als eine konische Endung dargestellt, sie finden sich nicht in derselben gerade Linie mit dem hinteren Teil. Der hintere Teil wurde nicht sehr ausgepr\u00e4gt dargestellt. Die L\u00e4nge war etwa 7 cm, die Dicke in der Zone des hinteren Teiles war nicht mehr, als 4 cm, die beiden Endungen waren d\u00fcnner. Die Seiten des Steines waren etwa Flach, mit gerundeten Kanten. Dieses Idol geh\u00f6rte zu der Cri\u0219-Kultur, aber es wurde mir in 2001 gestohlen. Aus der ungarischen K\u00f6r\u00f6s- Kultur, wurden eine breite Formvariet\u00e4t der Idolen in Endrod, Gyoma, Kotpuszta, M\u00e9htelek, Szarvas, V\u00e9szto gefunden. Ein anders Idol habe ich in Matei-\u201eDup\u0103 Vii&#8221; gefunden. Diese ist aus Keramik gefertigt und hat die Far\u00ad ben ziegelrot-hellbraun-beige (Fig. 2\/1). Es wurde mit Spreu und feine Sand gemagert, sein Slip ist abgefallen. H\u00f6he: 42,2 mm; Breite der Basis: 33,7 mm; Dicke der Basis: 23,6 mm. Etwas h\u00f6her von der Basis,ist die Breite des Idol 27,9 mm, die Dicke ist 19,3 mm. Die Basis ist nicht ganz Platt. Inventariumnummer im Bistritzer Museum: 24078. Dieses Idol geh\u00f6rt auch zu der Cri\u0219-Kultur. Janos Makkay nennt diese Idolform birnf\u00f6rmige Idol. Er hat mehreresolche Idole in Endrod gefunden. In dieser Siedlung, habe ich auch ein phallosf\u00f6rmiges Idol gefunden. Das platte Idol ist an einer Seite ziegel\u00ad rot, an der andere hellbraun. Es wurde mit feinem Sand, Sand, grossk\u00f6rniger Sand und mit Keramikbruchst\u00fcck\u00ad en gemagert und sein Slip ist abgefallen. H\u00f6he: 36,8 mm; breite der oberen Seite: 21,8 mm; Dicke der oberen Seite: 11,5 mm. Breite der unteren Seite: 20,9 mm; Dicke: 9,2 mm (Fig. 2\/2). Inventariumnummer in Bistritzer Museum: 24079. F\u00fcr dieses Idol, kenne ich keine Analogie. Es kann auch zu den Cri\u0219-Kultur geh\u00f6ren, oder den Mittelneo\u00ad lithikum, oder der Iclod-Gruppe. Der dritte St\u00fcck aus dieser Siedlung ist ein pentagonales Amulett aus H\u00e4matit. An der Vorderseite ist hellb\u00ad raun, an der hinteren Seite ist braun. H\u00f6he: 13 mm; Breite: 14 mm; Dicke: 2,3 mm. An der Vorderseite wurde ein M eingraviert, welches das Cassiopeia Sternbild darstellt. Neben diesem M sind ein X und zwei andere Linien zu sehen (Fig. 2\/3). In die eingerizten Linien, ist die Farbe gelblich. Inventariumnummer in Bistritzer Museum: 24080. Es kann auch zu der Cri\u0219-Kultur geh\u00f6ren, oder dem Mittelneolithikum, oder der Iclod-Gruppe. Ein anderes Idol habe ich am 10.1.2014 in F\u00e2nt\u00e2nele-\u201eBrani\u0219te&#8221;, in einer Iclod-Siedlung gefunden. Dieses Idol ist platt, etwas am Vorne gekr\u00fcmmt (Fig. 2\/4). An der Vordeseite und Hinterseite ist die Farbe hellbraun. Etwas h\u00f6her von den linken Arm, gibt es ein ziegelrotes Fleck, welches mit gl\u00e4nzendem dunkelbraunem Slip bedeckt wurde und so, der ganze K\u00f6rper. Das Idol wurde mit Spreu und feiner Sand gemagert. Breite der oberen Seite: 32,1 mm; Dicke: 12,3 mm. Von dem Ende des linken Arm bis an die Stelle, woher der rechte Arm abgebrochen ist, ist die Breite 39,2 mm. An der unteren Seite, ist das Breite 27,9 mm, die Dicke 12,5 mm. H\u00f6he des Idols ist 25 mm. Von den Armen abw\u00e4rts und aufw\u00e4rts, ist der Idol schmaler. Der rechte Arm ist etwas h\u00f6her exekutiert worden, die rechte Seite des Idols ist auch schmaler, als die linke Seite. An der Vorderseite, sind einige eingeritzten Linien zu sehen und ein Medaillon. Anhand der fehlenden Br\u00fcste, musste es ein Mann sein. Inventariumnummer in Bistritzer Museum: 24081. Diese kreuzf\u00f6rmigen Idole kennen wir schon aus der K\u00f6r\u00f6s-Kultur, aus Endrod. F\u00fcr unseres Idol, kenne ich eine Analogie aus \u021aaga und dieses hat ein \u00e4hnliches Dekor. Dieses Idol hat zwei Meda\u00ad illons, eine an der Vorderseite, eine an der Hinterseite und weil seine Br\u00fcste dargestellt sind, haben wir vor uns ein Frauenidol. &nbsp;Aus der Siedlung von F\u00e2nt\u00e2nele-\u201eR\u00e2t&#8221;, George G. Marinescu publizierte im Jahre 2012 ein Idol. Dieses wurde in einer d\u00fcnnem Siedlungschicht gefunden, w\u00e4hrend die Arch\u00e4ologen ein v\u00f6lkewanderungszeitliches Gr\u00e4berfe\u00ad ld freigelegt hatten. Es wurde aus einem feines Lehm gefertigt, wurde mit Sand gemagert, seine Farbe ist grau\u00ad gelblich, wurde in oxidiertes Millieu gut gebrannt und an der hinteren Seite hat sekund\u00e4re Branndspuren. Es hat ein konischen Form, der Kopf an der oberen Seite ist gerundet; seine Basis ist platt und darum ist es stabil. Sein Gesicht ist schematisch, aber realistisch dargestellt, die Augen und der Mund sind proportionell mit Ein\u00ad stiche dargestellt. Die Nase wurde aus hinausgezogenem Lehm gefertigt. An der vordere Seite des Idol ist eine eingeritzte, vertikale Linie zu sehen. Der hinteren Seite ist seit langem Besch\u00e4digt. H\u00f6he: 40 mm; Breite: 30 mm; maximale Dicke: 22 mm. Inventarimnummer in Bistritzer Museum: 23774. Es war mit mehreren, aus verschide- nen Epochen stammenden Materialien gefunden und darum glaubt Marinescu nicht sehr daran, dass es zu der Fr\u00fcheisenzeitlichen G\u00e4va-Kultur geh\u00f6rt. Aber nach dem er aus der lokalen neolitischen Siedlung kein \u00e4hnliches Idol kennt, teilt er es zu dem Fr\u00fcheisenzeitlichen Idole ein. Ich glaube, dass dieses Idol zu der Cri\u0219-Kultur geh\u00f6rt, obwohl ich in meinen-an den \u201ePe Lab&#8221; und \u201e R\u00e4t&#8221;, zwei benachbarte Stellen-mehmals male durchgef\u00fchrte Ge\u00ad l\u00e4ndebegehungen keine Fr\u00fchneolitischen Materialien finden konnte. Das heisst aber nicht, dass es keine gibt. Eine Siedlung des Cri\u0219-Kultur gibt es an die Stelle namens \u201eBrani\u0219te&#8221;. Die Siedler des Fr\u00fchneolithikum m\u00fcssten nur den Wald \u00fcberqueren, den H\u00fcgel absteigen und den Mele\u0219-Bach durchqueren, um in \u201eR\u00e4t&#8221; zu gelangen und dort das ansiedeln. Analogie kennen wir f\u00fcr dieses Idol aus der K\u00f6r\u00f6s-Siedlungen von Szarvas. Makkay nennt diesen Idoltyp fassf\u00f6rmiges Idol, das M\u00e4nner darstellt. Durch all diesen Materialien, k\u00f6nnen wir ein Blick in die Neolitische Fruchtbarkeitkultus, in die pr\u00e4histori\u00ad sche Astronomiekenntnisse und in die neolithische Mode werfen. Einige von diesen Materialien k\u00f6nnten auch Kinderspielzeuge gewesen sein, aber wir werden die Wahrheit nie kennen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Carol KACS\u00d3<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pumnalul de bronz de la Pir <br>Der Bronzedolch von Pir<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d172e1098257427' value='69e38297d172e1098257427'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d172e1098257427' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d172e1098257427' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d172e1098257427' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d172e1098257427' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Der Bronzedolch von Pir<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Im Jahre 1955 publiziert Zolt\u00e4n Sz\u00e9kely, zusammen mit anderen Artefakten, die in Pir (ung. Szil\u00e2gyp\u00e9r) von den Grabungen der Fundstellen V\u00e2r (Cetate) und V\u00e2rudvar (Curtea Cet\u0103\u021bii) stammen, einen Bronzedolch, der angeblich zum Inventar eines Doppelbestattung (Gr. 19-20) der Otomani-Kultur geh\u00f6rte. In dem 1966 erschiene\u00ad nen Bericht werden die Fundumst\u00e4nde des St\u00fcckes vorgelegt. Er schreibt, dass der Dolch neben der Brust eines Mannes lag und im Grab sich auch ein Tongef\u00e4\u00df, Geweihst\u00fccke und Tierknochen befanden. Sz\u00e9kely vergleicht den Dolch von Pir mit jenen aus dem Gr\u00e4berfeld von Megyasz\u00f6. &nbsp;Auch andere Forscher betrachten den mit drei Rippen verzierten Griffplattendolch von Pir (Abb. 1,1-2) als ein Erzeugnis der Otomani-Metallurgie und datieren ihn in die mittlere Bronzezeit. Nur Istvan Bona bezweifelt die Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit des Dolches zu dieser Kultur. Er behauptet, dass es keine solche St\u00fccke in der mittleren Bronze\u00ad zeit gibt. &nbsp;In der Tat sind die Entsprechungen des Dolches von Pir in einem sp\u00e4teren Milieu zu finden, und zwar in den Funden,&nbsp; die&nbsp; schon,&nbsp; nach&nbsp; dem&nbsp; im&nbsp; Ostkarpatenbecken&nbsp; \u00fcblichen&nbsp; chronologischen&nbsp; System,&nbsp; in&nbsp; die&nbsp; Sp\u00e4tbronzezeit datieren: Zagyvap\u0103lfalva, Nagyb\u0103tony, Mliecany, Schmedissen, Beigern (Abb. 2). Das bedeutet, dass der Dolch nicht einem Grab der Otomani-Kultur, sondern einer sp\u00e4teren Besiedlung, n\u00e4mlich der Siedlung der Hajduba- gos-Ceh\u0103lu\u021b-Gruppe, deren Keramik (Abb. 4-6) in Pir ebenfalls freigelegt wurde, zugeh\u00f6rt. Es wird auch festgestellt, dass die Gr\u00e4ber 19 und 20 von Pir nicht gleichaltrig sind, da der Krug aus Grab 19 (Abb.3,1) sich in die Otomani Ill-Phase, hingegen die Tasse aus Grab 20 (Abb. 3, 2) in die Otomani Il-Phase einzuordnen ist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Marius ARDELEANU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Importuri \u00een lumea dacic\u0103: despre o m\u0103rgea cu fa\u0163\u0103 uman\u0103 descoperit\u0103 la Mala Kopanya<br>Imports in dacian world: about a human-face bead discovered at Mala Kopanya<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d18389079798154' value='69e38297d18389079798154'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d18389079798154' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d18389079798154' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d18389079798154' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d18389079798154' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Imports in dacian world: about a human-face bead discovered at Mala Kopanya<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Summary)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Archaeological research conducted over 35 years at Mala Kopanya (Zakarpattia, Ukraine) have uncovered one of the greatest centers belonging to the classical period of the Dacian civilization (Ist&nbsp; century BC &#8211; Ist&nbsp; century D). Among the pieces found in the fortified settlement there is a mosaic plaque with a female representation, of glass, a unique discovery in the Dacian world. &nbsp;It has a rectangular shape, with rounded corners, with the dimensions of 1.2 x 1.1 x 0.5 cm (Fig. 1\/1). It seems that a small piece of the bottom part is missing, likely beeing affected by a secondary burning. On a blue backgro\u00ad und is the bust of a woman, made in white color, surrounded by a black thin border. In view of analogies (Fig. 11 2-3), this is no doubt, the strands of hair. At her neck the woman wearing a necklace made from black and yellow alternating beads. Eyes look forward, the facial features (eyes, nose and eyebrows) are shown with thin lines of black glass, and his lips are red. Overhead seems to have a coronet (or a halo) formed in the same shade of blue background, like the rest of the panel, enclosed by a very thin, red, border with a small yellow egg-shaped point, placed approximate in the center. The entire assembly is framed by a red glass paste (with a width of 1.5-1.7 mm). The plaque has a longitudinal mounting hole located just above the head. &nbsp;The production of beads with human mask involves several stages in which the individual components must be created separately (Fig. 2\/1-6) and then combined into a final image which can then be cut and added to a bead model (Fig. 2\/7-8). The glass mosaic-beads are obtained by heat-fusion of different pieces of glass to form the patterns, in the form of a cylindrical tube in which appear the desired patterns. This can then be extended, reducing the pattern size along the length of the cylinder without being distorted. The result is a long rod with the model through it (Fig. 2\/8). Small pieces cut from this rod can form small units that can be used for decora\u00ad tion. They are either glued together to form a bead or beads are added individual on a surface to form a simple pattern (bead with &#8222;eye&#8221;) or more complex one (&#8222;human mask&#8221; bead). Researcher Robert Liu notes, based on fragmentary specimens discovered, that the face is constructed of a stick which already includes eyebrows, eyes and nose (Fig. 2\/7), with the bottom and top of the head made separately. It is also possible that the central part to be assembled of several glass rods, in several steps (Fig. 2). &nbsp;For the Barbaricum&nbsp; such beads are known especially in the north area of the Black Sea, generally dated in the Ist century BC &#8211; IInd century AD. So far we do not have enough archaeological data to reconstruct a path distribution of these types of beads from the Roman Empire (Egypt) to Dacian fortified settlement from Mala Kopanya. We can assume a direct way through Greece, of traders. But the large number of such beads discovered north of the Black Sea makes it possible to assume that they were imported in the Dacian from this space. The glass plaque with human mask, imported from the Roman world, found at Mala Kopanya is, along with many other imported pieces, an important evidence to prove the existence of trade relations of Dacians with the Roman state, relationships established, as proved by this piece, long before the Roman conquest. <\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nicolae GUDEA<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00cendrept\u0103ri arheologice. C\u00e2te ceva despre religia militarilor din castrul roman de la Bologa\/Resculum<br>An attempt to archaeological correction concerning the soldiers\u2019 religion in the Roman fort of Resculum\/Bologa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d19145020443036' value='69e38297d19145020443036'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d19145020443036' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d19145020443036' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d19145020443036' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d19145020443036' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">An attempt to archaeological correction concerning the soldiers&#8217; religion in the Roman fort of Resculum\/Bologa<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Summary)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The author (N. Gudea) improves and completes data concerning the votive monuments found in the fort of Resculum, as some of these monuments seem to be incomplete or even mistaken. Such errors are to be found in the two syntheses about the religion of the soldiers from Dacia by authors M. Popescu (Popescu 2004) and Athalie \u0218tef\u0103nescu-Oni\u021biu (\u0218tef\u0103nescu 2009).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ioan PISO<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Studia Porolissensia IV<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d19f02078098625' value='69e38297d19f02078098625'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d19f02078098625' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d19f02078098625' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d19f02078098625' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d19f02078098625' ><\/p>\n<p><strong>Acest articol nu are rezumat<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Corneliu GAIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lancea de beneficiari de la Arcobadara <br>Lance de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d\u2019Arcobadara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d1a651008592181' value='69e38297d1a651008592181'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d1a651008592181' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d1a651008592181' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d1a651008592181' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d1a651008592181' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Lance de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d&#8217;Arcobadara<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Situ\u00e9 \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re septentrionale de la province romaine Dacia Porolissensis, le camp romain de Ili\u0219ua, au\u00ad tour duquel une ample habitation se constitue, identifi\u00e9e avec l&#8217;antique Arcodabara, offre une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 des vestiges qui met au jour l&#8217;importance de cette station dans la vie de la province. Parmi les nombreux artefacts li\u00e9s \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l&#8217;harnachement de la troupe, form\u00e9e la plupart du temps d&#8217;une unit\u00e9 de cavalerie, ala I Tungo- rum Frontoniana, les pi\u00e8ces d&#8217;armement ont un poids consid\u00e9rable. Une lance symbolique, trouv\u00e9e au niveau du castrum en terre, de la premi\u00e8re phase de la fortification romaine, se fait remarquer par le plaquage du couteau par une bande en bronze qui s&#8217;ach\u00e8ve vers la base par des anneaux, symbolisant les yeux du type de hasta du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire. Les analogies qui vont jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 l&#8217;identit\u00e9, de Pannonie (Albertfalva et Gerulata) et de Retia (Regensburg) con\u00ad stituent une s\u00e9rie distincte dans le cadre de cette cat\u00e9gorie d&#8217;artefacts.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Radu Z\u0102GREANU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Proiectile de piatr\u0103 din castrul roman de la Arcobadara<br>Roman stone projectiles from the roman fort of Arcobadara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d1b407083593244' value='69e38297d1b407083593244'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d1b407083593244' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d1b407083593244' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d1b407083593244' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d1b407083593244' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Roman stone projectiles from the roman fort of Arcobadara<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Summary)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Of an outmost importance for the Arcobadara camp, with regards to the distance battles, is the significant number of ballistic projectiles. Coming from the residential spaces from all over the camp surface, an important amount of such projectiles was discovered in 2010, when research has been carried out in the area of the camp raetenture. The large amount suggests that part of the military unit was in charge with handling ballistic projec\u00ad tiles, and stands as a strong proof of artilery usage. These projectiles were all carved in local stone, were medium\u00ad sized and relatively mobile, and are thought to have been positioned on the cannon support. On the Roman camp of Arcobadara, 27 stone projectiles were discovered. Out of these, 20 were made out of tuff, 5 out of limestone, and 2 out of fossil chalk. It becomes a fact that for creating them, the Romans used local stone. The projectiles dimension suggest the existance of at least 3 types: First type: diameter of 13,5 &#8211; 12 cm, weight over 2000 g (approx 7 libras), 3 projectiles. Second type: diameter of 12 &#8211; 10 cm, weight of 2000 g -1000 g (approx 6-5 libras), 14 projectiles. Third type: diameter of 10 &#8211; 7 cm, weight under 1000 g (approx 2 libras), 10 projectiles. The big majority have a spherical shape, often round, and more often than not are flat on one side. It is inte\u00ad resting to notice that four of these projectiles show holes on one flat side (2 belong to the second type -11 and 14, and 2 belong to the third type &#8211; 25 and 26). The holes are questionable, we can only speculate about the utility: either to secure the missile in the ballista and to offer it a constant trajectory, or to help fixing the stone while car\u00ad ving. Another option emphasizes the use of the hole to carry wicks, which once lit would allow the identification of the missile trajectory during the night or unfriendly weather.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Radu HARHOIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cercet\u0103ri arheologice la Sighi\u015foara Dealul Viilor \u2013 \u201cnecropol\u0103\u201d. Complexul 359 \u2013 o locuin\u0163a din epoca avar\u0103 t\u00e2rzie (secolul 8)<br>Arch\u00e4ologische Grabungen in Sighi\u015foara D.V. \u2013 \u201cnecopol\u0103\u201d (Gr\u00e4berfeld). Befund 359 \u2013 eine Wohnung aus der Sp\u00e4tawarenzeit (8. Jahrhundert).<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d1c187087615532' value='69e38297d1c187087615532'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d1c187087615532' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d1c187087615532' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d1c187087615532' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d1c187087615532' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Arch\u00e4ologische Grabungen in Sighi\u0219oara D.V. &#8211; &#8222;necopol\u00e4&#8221; (Gr\u00e4berfeld). &nbsp;Befund 359 &#8211; eine Wohnung aus der Sp\u00e4tawarenzeit (8. Jahrhundert).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Bei der Fundstelle \u201enecropola&#8221; wurden zwischen 1987-2012, bedingt von einer haotischen Finanzierung, mehr oder weniger intensive Grabungen&nbsp; durchgef\u00fchrt,&nbsp; die zur Bergung&nbsp; von&nbsp; pr\u00e4historischen,&nbsp; v\u00f6lkerwanderunszeit- lichen&nbsp; und&nbsp; mittelalterlichen&nbsp; (12.&nbsp; Jahrhundert) Besiedlungsschichten&nbsp; (Wohnbauten,&nbsp; Gr\u00e4berfelder,&nbsp; Zufallsfunde u.s.w.) gef\u00fchrt haben.&nbsp; Im weiteren&nbsp; werden&nbsp; die Bauelemente und&nbsp; die Beigaben&nbsp; (auf der langsam rotierender Scheibe hergestellte und&nbsp; handgearbeitete Keramik) einer sp\u00e4tawarenzeitlichen&nbsp; Wohnbaut mit einem Ofen&nbsp; aus Flu\u00dfsteinen (Befund 359) eingehend analysiert.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Carol KACS\u00d3,Traian MINGHIRA\u015e, Alexandru MURE\u015eAN, Ioan POP, Zamfir \u015eOMCUTEAN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zidul de piatr\u0103 de la S\u0103lni\u0163a \u2013 Custura Cet\u0103\u0163elei<br>Die Steinmauer von S\u0103lni\u0163a \u2013 Custura Cet\u0103\u0163elei<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d1cf24056735467' value='69e38297d1cf24056735467'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d1cf24056735467' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d1cf24056735467' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d1cf24056735467' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d1cf24056735467' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Die Steinmauer von S\u0103lnita-Cwstwm Cet\u0103\u021belei<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Die Verfasser legen ein Trockenmauerwerk vor, das 2013 nord\u00f6stlich von der Ortschaft S\u0103lni\u021ba, auf einer schwer zug\u00e4nglichen, Custura Cet\u0103telei genannten Anh\u00f6he im L\u0103pu\u0219-Defilee entdeckt wurde. &nbsp;Weder die Datierung der Errichtung noch ihre Deutung k\u00f6nnen mit Gewissheit bestimmt werden. Die Ver\u00ad fasser setzen voraus, dass sie in das Mittelalter datiert und als St\u00fctzmauer f\u00fcr eine ebenfalls k\u00fcnstlich angelegte flache Erdplattform diente. &nbsp;Es werden auch zwei H\u00f6hlen beschrieben, die sich in der N\u00e4he der Custura Cet\u0103telei-Anh\u00f6he befinden und eventuell als Zufluchtsst\u00e4tte benutzt wurden.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vasile M\u0102RCULE\u0162<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art10.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00cencetarea st\u0103p\u00e2nirii bizantine de la Dun\u0103rea de Jos (sf\u00e2r\u015fitul secolului XII \u2013 \u00eenceputul secolului XIII)<br>La fin de la domination byzantine de Bas-Danube (la fin du XIIe si\u00e8cle \u2013 le d\u00e9but du XIIIe si\u00e8cle)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d1dc27013400882' value='69e38297d1dc27013400882'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d1dc27013400882' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d1dc27013400882' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d1dc27013400882' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d1dc27013400882' >\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">La fin de la domination byzantine de Bas-Danube &nbsp;(la fin du XIIe si\u00e8cle &#8211; le d\u00e9but du XIIIe si\u00e8cle)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Pendant l&#8217;ann\u00e9e 1185, sur la base de la crise g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l&#8217;Empire byzantin, a lieu la insurection des Vlaques et des Bulgares; sous la direction des fr\u00e8res Pierre se Assen. A aide des Coumans nord-danubiene, l&#8217;insurg\u00e9s \u00e9liminent jusqu&#8217;qux&nbsp; premieres ann\u00e9es du&nbsp; XIIIe si\u00e8cle la domination&nbsp; byzantine des Monts Balkaniaues et du Bas-Danube &#8211; excepte les territoires des bouche du Danube. Apr\u00e8s la chute de Constqntinople en 1204 celles-ci restent en liaison avec l&#8217;Empire grec de Nic\u00e9e.<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mihai Florin HASAN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aspecte ale rela\u021biilor matrimoniale dinastice munteano-maghiare din secolele XIV-XV<br>Aspects of the Hungarian-Wallachian matrimonial relations of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d1e912072193727' value='69e38297d1e912072193727'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d1e912072193727' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d1e912072193727' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d1e912072193727' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d1e912072193727' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Aspects of the Hungarian-Wallachian matrimonial relations &nbsp;of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Summary)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The aim of this study is to reveal some unknown aspects concerning the identity and life of some of the wives of the rulers from Wallachia, in the XVth and XVth century. The study was conceived based on information gath\u00ad ered from chronicles, legal documents of the period, concerning land&#8217;s possession of the families of the noble ladies of the voivods in Hungary, and from diptychs and inscriptions from churches and monasteries from today Muntenia. The Hungarian wives of Bessarab the 1st, Nicholas Alexander, Mircea &#8222;The Great\/the Old&#8221; and Vlad &#8222;the Impaler&#8221; were in most of the cases drawn from noble families from Hungarian counties, near the border of Wallachia, or from royal family of Hunyadi. The scarce information known about those ladies was bring to the spot because it is a part of Romanian history which has to be known.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ciprian FIREA<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Preo\u0163i parohi \u015fi art\u0103 \u00een ora\u0219ul Bistri\u0163a la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul evului mediu<br>Parish priests and the art in the town of Bistri\u021ba at the end of the Middle Ages<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d1f584055077850' value='69e38297d1f584055077850'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d1f584055077850' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d1f584055077850' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d1f584055077850' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d1f584055077850' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Parish priests and the art in the town of Bistri\u021ba at the end of the Middle Ages<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">This study aims to investigate some evidence of ecclesiastical art patronage in the town of Bistri\u021ba in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Parish priests were important donors and supporters of their churches, as attested &nbsp;by several Transylvanian sources. In the urban context, the cases of Georgius Schleynig and Johannes Clyn (Cluj) or Johannes de Olczna (Sibiu) are well-known. However, there is very sparse information about similar initiati\u00ad ves in the main town of the N\u00f6snerland: Bistri\u021ba. This study investigates two significant objects of the local medi\u00ad eval heritage: the parish house in the town&#8217;s Central Market and an exquisite liturgical item, the pax preserved in the National Museum at Budapest. Both objects bear evidence of patronage: inscriptions and coats of arms. This investigation proves that they most probably relate to parish priests of St Nicholas&#8217; church active in that period.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ana DUMITRAN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art13-rezum-no-rez.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Praporul de la Runcu Salvei <br>The church flag from Runcu Salvei<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d20243032640095' value='69e38297d20243032640095'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d20243032640095' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d20243032640095' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d20243032640095' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d20243032640095' ><\/p>\n<p><strong>Acest articol nu are rezumat<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Elisabeta SCURTU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Biserici de lemn disp\u0103rute de pe Valea Rodnei <br>Last Wooden Churches from Rodna Valley<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d208f1055909920' value='69e38297d208f1055909920'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d208f1055909920' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d208f1055909920' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d208f1055909920' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d208f1055909920' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Last Wooden Churches from Rodna Valley<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The geographic area named the Rodnei Valley both in documents and in ordinary language refers to the superior course of the river Some\u0219ul Mare and borders the Rodnei Mountains and the B\u00e2rg\u0103ului Mountains to north-east respectively south-east, including the Tibies Valley &#8211; \u021aible\u0219 being one of its tributaries. Although the first references to religious wood architecture on the Rodnei Valley are made in the fifteenth century, when the building of a village was taken into consideration, undoubtedly the main priority was the church; therefore we consider that the other settlements attested during this period had such a construction. In the fifteenth-seventeenth centuries there are only a few documents referring to these edifices, which are mentioned only in the oral tradition. Some of these churches were destroyed during the tartar invasion in 1717. The middle of the eighteen century was marked by the movement against the union, whose leader was the monk Sofronie. It was the period when many churches were closed and priests were forbidden to perform the religious services or in certain cases they were banished by the villagers. Because of general Bucow&#8217;s intervention wood monasteries were burnt and the stone ones were destroyed. The tolerance act given by the emperor Joseph II in 1781 and the union act in 1782 contributed to the attenua\u00ad tion of the religious riots and created the propitious conditions to build new churches and consequently, starting from the beginning of the nineteenth century wood churches were gradually replaced with more durable ones, made of stone.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Diana COVACI<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art15.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Profesionalizarea clerului greco-catolic rom\u00e2n din Transilvania \u00een perioada modern\u0103: abord\u0103ri teoretice<br>La professionnalisation du clerg\u00e9 grec-catholique roumain de la Transylvanie durant la p\u00e9riode moderne \u2013 aspects th\u00e9oriques<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d21650035569415' value='69e38297d21650035569415'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d21650035569415' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d21650035569415' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d21650035569415' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d21650035569415' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">La professionnalisation du clerg\u00e9 grec-catholique roumain de la Transylvanie durant la p\u00e9riode moderne &#8211; aspects th\u00e9oriques<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Ayant pour point de d\u00e9part une s\u00e9rie d&#8217;\u00e9tudes sociologiques, le pr\u00e9sent article constitue une d\u00e9marche th\u00e9o\u00ad rique sur le th\u00e8me de la professionnalisation du clerg\u00e9 grec-catholique de l&#8217;archidioc\u00e8se d&#8217;Alba-Iulia et F\u0103g\u0103ra\u0219 dans la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XIXe si\u00e8cle. L&#8217;\u00e9tude suit deux directions : une analyse des principales th\u00e9ories sociales de la professionnalisation \u00e9labor\u00e9es dans l&#8217;espace anglo-saxon, soutenue par un d\u00e9bat sur l&#8217;application de ces th\u00e9ories dans le cas de la pr\u00eatrise roumaine uniate. Prenant en compte les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u00e9finitoires d&#8217;une profession &#8211; l&#8217;\u00e9ducation sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e, un code de conduite, l&#8217;altruisme \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9gard des personnes qui font appel aux sp\u00e9cialistes, un syst\u00e8me de confirmation des sp\u00e9cialistes, le prestige social, la r\u00e9compense financi\u00e8re consid\u00e9rable, l&#8217;ascension dans la hi\u00e9rarchie, le monopole des services offerts et l&#8217;autonomie &#8211; nous constatons que le clerg\u00e9 pr\u00e9sente la plupart des caract\u00e8res de la professionnalisation. De toute premi\u00e8re importance sont les possibles variations qui se font entrevoir comme dans le cas de la composante nationale et confessionnelle,&nbsp; du&nbsp; mariage des pr\u00eatres ou des dynasties des pr\u00eatres qui mettent en \u00e9vidence les particularit\u00e9s du proc\u00e8s de professionnalisation du clerg\u00e9 de l&#8217;archidioc\u00e8se d&#8217;Alba-Iulia et F\u0103g\u0103ra\u0219<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dorin DOLOGA<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lupta na\u0163ional\u0103 din Transilvania \u00een perioada 1867-1914<br>La lutte nationale en Transylvanie du 1867 au 1914<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d223b7043674002' value='69e38297d223b7043674002'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d223b7043674002' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d223b7043674002' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d223b7043674002' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d223b7043674002' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">La lutte nationale en Transylvanie du 1867 au 1914<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Le mat\u00e9riel passe en&nbsp; revue l&#8217;attitude des gouvernements hongrois vis-\u00e0-vis des roumains de Transylvanie dans la p\u00e9riode dualiste et les r\u00e9actions des ceux-ci devant la politique de magyarisation. D&#8217;une part, les gouver\u00ad nements adoptent des politiques plus dures ou plus apais\u00e9es suivant les conjonctures historiques et leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats propres, mais ayant pour fin l&#8217;int\u00e9gration compl\u00e8te de la Transylvanie et la neutralisation des attitudes autono\u00ad mistes. D&#8217;autre part, les \u00e9lites roumaines sollicitent constamment le respect du drois de s&#8217;en servir du roumain dans l&#8217;\u00e9glise et \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9cole,&nbsp; l&#8217;\u00e9tablissement des institutions culturelles roumaines et la nomination&nbsp; des roumains dans des postes de l&#8217;administration et de la justice. L&#8217;affermissement de la conscience nationale, l&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9vation d&#8217;une classe moyenne roumaine, la constitution d&#8217;un parti national roumain formeront les pr\u00e9misses de la radicalisa\u00ad tion de la lutte nationale et l&#8217;intensification d&#8217;un sentiment favorable \u00e0 l&#8217;union avec le royaume de la Roumanie.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Elena Elisabeta PLENICEANU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mod\u0103 \u0219i baluri \u00een Bistri\u021ba sf\u00e2r\u0219itului de secol XIX \u0219i \u00eenceput de secol XX <br>Mode et bals \u00e0 Bistri\u0163a \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle et au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d230c4042315829' value='69e38297d230c4042315829'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d230c4042315829' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d230c4042315829' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d230c4042315829' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d230c4042315829' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Mode et bals \u00e0 Bistri\u021ba \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle et au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Dans une communaut\u00e9 compos\u00e9e par des allemands, des roumains, des juifs et des hongrois, qui menaient leur vie en harmonie, vers la fin du XIXe&nbsp; si\u00e8cle, le divertissement re\u00e7oit une connotation sociale et publique, ces groupes, pendant les jours de f\u00eate, voulant prouver un \u00e0 l&#8217;autre la beaut\u00e9 de leurs traditions ancestrales et de le\u00ad urs coutumes religieusement gard\u00e9es de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration. Leur passe-temps \u00e9tait rempli de promenades \u00e0 pied ou en coche, des sorties au th\u00e9\u00e2tre ou au cin\u00e9ma, de la fr\u00e9quentation des terrasses, des restaurants et des caf\u00e9s, quelques-unes tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9s par le public. Les bals \u00e9taient organis\u00e9s dans la grande salle de l&#8217;Association des Ma\u00eetres Artisans, au Gewerbeverein, \u00e0 la \u00ab Casina \u00bb ou au Cercle Militaire et aux quelques restaurants de la ville : Central, Braedt, Bombardir, Hofmann, la terrasse de l&#8217;h\u00f4tel \u00ab K\u00f6nig von Ungarn \u00bb ou dans les maisons de quelques notables. Par la mise \u00e0 disposition de son espace l&#8217;h\u00f4te gagnait du prestige et des commentaires \u00e9logi- eux. C&#8217;\u00e9tait coutumier de commencer ces r\u00e9unions par un spectacle artistique. Les organisateurs \u00e9laboraient des invitations qui contenaient le programme de la soir\u00e9e ou des appels \u00e0 des dons pour des causes publiques. Les bals avaient aussi le but de montrer des nouvelles tenues, faire preuve d&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9gance, organiser l&#8217;entr\u00e9e dans la so\u00ad ci\u00e9t\u00e9 des prog\u00e9nitures, les jeunes ou leur parents pouvant contracter des fian\u00e7ailles ou des noces, et plus anciens pouvaient se divertir avec des nourritures et des boissons de choix ou de jeux de hasard \u00e0 la mode. L&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9ment commun \u00e9tait la distraction, la bonne humeur et l&#8217;affirmation sociale.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mircea Gelu BUTA, Adrian ONOFREIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Statuia poetului Andrei Mure\u0219anu la Bistri\u021ba. Cronologie documentar\u0103 <br>La statue du po\u00e8te Andrei Mure\u015fanu de Bistri\u0163a. Une chronologie document\u00e9e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d23e68011338236' value='69e38297d23e68011338236'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d23e68011338236' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d23e68011338236' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d23e68011338236' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d23e68011338236' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">La statue du po\u00e8te Andrei Mure\u0219anu de Bistri\u021ba. Une chronologie document\u00e9e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">L&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9vation de la statue d&#8217;Andrei Mure\u0219anu, \u00e0 l&#8217;initiative et avec le soutien de l&#8217;avocat et de l&#8217;homme poli\u00ad tique Victor Moldovan, \u00e0 Bistri\u021ba, monument dont la pierre du fondement a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en 1935 devant l&#8217;\u00e9glise grec- catholique, dans la Place Unirii, et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9voil\u00e9e en 1938, est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par les auteurs en base des documents d&#8217;archive et de rapports de la presse du temps. En 1940, la statue est envoy\u00e9e \u00e0 Sibiu, suite \u00e0 la cessation vers la Hongrie horthyste du Nord de la Transylvanie. Les d\u00e9marches de 1946 pour faire revenir le monument et son nouveau remplacement, dans la Place Centrale de la ville, sont men\u00e9es par la municipalit\u00e9 qui peut r\u00e9inaugurer la statue au cours du printemps de 1947<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Adrian ONOFREIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Contribu\u0163ii documentare privind situa\u0163ia jude\u0163ului N\u0103s\u0103ud \u00een perioada interbelic\u0103. Anul 1932. <br>Contributions documentaires concernant la situation du d\u00e9partement de N\u0103s\u0103ud dans la p\u00e9riode d\u2019entre les guerres. L\u2019an 1932.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d24a47014540397' value='69e38297d24a47014540397'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d24a47014540397' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d24a47014540397' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d24a47014540397' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d24a47014540397' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Contributions documentaires concernant la situation du d\u00e9partement de N\u0103s\u0103ud &nbsp;dans la p\u00e9riode d&#8217;entre les guerres. L&#8217;an 1932.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Poursuivant les investigations concernant la situation&nbsp; du&nbsp; d\u00e9partement dans la p\u00e9riode d&#8217;entre les guerres, l&#8217;auteur s&#8217;arr\u00eate cette fois sur un rapport \u00e9labor\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s d\u00e9partementales en 1932, qui nous offre un miroir fid\u00e8le de l&#8217;\u00e9tat du d\u00e9partement \u00e0 la date ci-mentionn\u00e9e. Le document fait mention des dates g\u00e9n\u00e9rales sur la surface, l&#8217;\u00e9tendue et la population du d\u00e9partement. Nous y trouvons la structure du personnel, l&#8217;organisation administrative, les r\u00e9alisations et les appr\u00e9ciations des activit\u00e9s des services d\u00e9partementales : financier et \u00e9co\u00ad nomique, service technique des chemins et des constructions, les services agricole, sanitaire et de l&#8217;enseignement primaires, ce dernier service \u00e9tant \u00e9galement responsable de l&#8217;enseignement des minorit\u00e9s nationales. &nbsp;Le rapport met au jour l&#8217;image d&#8217;un d\u00e9partement d&#8217;\u00e9tendue moyenne, avec la plus grande partie de la popu\u00ad lation occup\u00e9e par l&#8217;agriculture et l&#8217;\u00e9levage des animaux, avec des chemins modestement entretenus et utilis\u00e9s, avec des diverses \u00e9pizooties,&nbsp; avec une situation&nbsp; sanitaire pr\u00e9caire de la population,&nbsp; un&nbsp; enseignement d&#8217;Etat inferieur \u00e0 celui priv\u00e9 et un corps d&#8217;instituteurs en permanence soumis \u00e0 la migration du personnel. Partout, l&#8217;absence de l&#8217;argent se fait sentie, dans les investissements et les projets comme dans le fonctionnement quotidi\u00ad en des institutions au service de la population.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Iosif UIL\u0102CAN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art20.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jude\u021bul N\u0103s\u0103ud \u00een anul 1946<br>Le d\u00e9partement de N\u0103s\u0103ud en 1946<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d25720085508406' value='69e38297d25720085508406'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d25720085508406' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d25720085508406' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d25720085508406' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d25720085508406' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Le d\u00e9partement de N\u0103s\u0103ud en 1946<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">La pr\u00e9sente \u00e9tude, bas\u00e9e sur des documents d&#8217;archive de Bistri\u021ba, se veut une contribution \u00e0 l&#8217;histoire du d\u00e9partement, au regard d&#8217;une ann\u00e9e d\u00e9cisive dans l&#8217;\u00e9volution d&#8217;apr\u00e8s la guerre de la Roumanie, dans le con\u00ad texte interne et international de la fin du 1945 et le d\u00e9but du 1946, lorsque la Moscou et les ministres des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de la Coalition des Nations Unies prennent la d\u00e9cision d&#8217;organiser des \u00ab \u00e9lections libres \u00bb en Rouma\u00ad nie. &nbsp;Parce que le Parti Communiste Roumain \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00ab une force politique dominante \u00bb, m\u00eame si dans une coa\u00ad lition avec des partis sans notori\u00e9t\u00e9 aucune, nous avons pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 son \u00e9volution au cours de l&#8217;ann\u00e9e 1946, embri\u00ad gadement des adeptes sans s\u00e9lection pr\u00e9alable, la subordination et la communisation des institutions publiques, la position par rapport aux saxons revenus et par rapport \u00e0 la r\u00e9forme agraire. La campagne \u00e9lectorale et les \u00e9lections du 19 novembre 1946 sont analys\u00e9es dans la perspective de la l\u00e9gisla\u00ad tion \u00e9lectorale. La composition des commissions \u00e9lectorales du BPD et des documents issus des sources gouver\u00ad nementales prouvent la pr\u00e9m\u00e9ditation de la fraude \u00e9lectorale. L&#8217;action de reporter r\u00e9p\u00e9titivement les \u00e9lections n&#8217;a eu qu&#8217;une cause : l&#8217;insuffisante subordination des m\u00e9canismes de l&#8217;Etat pour avoir la certitude de la \u00ab victoire \u00bb. Pour l&#8217;obtenir, le Parti passe \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9puration sauvage de tous les fonctionnaires publics, le changement r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9 des maires et des notaires, la communisation de la Police et de la Gendarmerie et leur transformation dans des institutions de propagande \u00e9lectorale du BPD, ce qui ressort des nombreux documents utilis\u00e9s. &nbsp;La falsification proprement-dite des r\u00e9sultats \u00e9lectoraux du 19 novembre 1946 a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite par les pr\u00e9sidents et les secr\u00e9taires des bureaux de vote, ou directement par le Comit\u00e9 Electorale D\u00e9partemental, au moment du d\u00e9p\u00f4t des proc\u00e8s verbaux. Tous les pr\u00e9sidents et les secr\u00e9taires des 29 bureaux de scrutin avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s par le PCR parmi les membres les plus fid\u00e8les et \u00ab instruits \u00bb au si\u00e8ge du PCR Bistri\u021ba, dimanche, le 17 novembre 1946. Approximativement 5700 citoyens avaient ant\u00e9rieurement \u00e9t\u00e9 effac\u00e9s des listes \u00e9lectorales, la plupart des opposants au gouvernement Groza. &nbsp;La coalition procommuniste ne s&#8217;est pas souci\u00e9e d&#8217;\u00eatre plus cons\u00e9quente dans l&#8217;annonce des r\u00e9sultats offici\u00ad els. Le pourcentage du BPD, \u00e9tabli au niveau du d\u00e9partement, valid\u00e9 par le Bureau Electoral du d\u00e9partement et publi\u00e9 par \u00ab Sc\u00e2nteia \u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 arrondi une nouvelle fois lors de leur validation par T Assembl\u00e9 des D\u00e9put\u00e9s. &nbsp;Les r\u00e9sultats des \u00e9lections du 19 novembre 1946 indiquent un gagnant au-dessus des doutes : Le Partie Na\u00ad tional Paysan (PN\u021a). M\u00eame les documents du BPD l&#8217;affirment. Ainsi, le PN\u021a aurait obtenu 51,69% et le BPD 35,38%. Comme le mensonge est un trait d\u00e9finitoire du r\u00e9gime communiste, m\u00eame si les communistes donnent des r\u00e9sultats r\u00e9els (\u00e0 usage interne), nous ne pouvons pas leur faire confiance. Dans les quelques bureaux de vote, avec des r\u00e9sultats certains, le BPD n&#8217;a pas atteint le 5% des soufrages exprim\u00e9s. Ainsi, les r\u00e9sultats r\u00e9els ne peuvent pas indiquer en aucun cas le d\u00e9passement de 20% des votes par le BPD.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Viorel RUS<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art21.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tragicul destin al sa\u015filor din jude\u0163ul Bistri\u0163a-N\u0103s\u0103ud la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul celui de-al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial \u015fi \u00een anii comunismului <br>Le destin tragique des saxons du d\u00e9partement de Bistri\u0163a-N\u0103s\u0103ud \u00e0 la fin de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale et pendant les ann\u00e9es du communisme<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d265b4022013183' value='69e38297d265b4022013183'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d265b4022013183' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d265b4022013183' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d265b4022013183' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d265b4022013183' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Le destin tragique des saxons du d\u00e9partement de Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud &nbsp;\u00e0 la fin de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale et pendant les ann\u00e9es du communisme<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">L&#8217;auteur,&nbsp; s&#8217;appuyant sur des documents d&#8217;archive,&nbsp; t\u00e9moignages et litt\u00e9rature historique,&nbsp; met au&nbsp; jour les \u00e9tapes qui ont conduit \u00e0 la massive disparition de la communaut\u00e9 germanophone du Nord de la Transylvanie pendant les 70 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, \u00e0 partir de l&#8217;\u00e9vacuation forc\u00e9e, command\u00e9e par les autorit\u00e9s militaires hitl\u00e9ri\u00ad ennes, lors de l&#8217;automne de 1944, quand plus de 6000 personnes, des communaut\u00e9s enti\u00e8res, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 oblig\u00e9es de quitter le foyer de leur anc\u00eatres et de trouver abri sous d&#8217;autres cieux. Puis, ceux qui reviennent, trouvent leurs biens redistribu\u00e9s et une attitude hostile, les plus nombreux \u00e9tant intern\u00e9s dans des camps de travail ou d\u00e9port\u00e9s vers l&#8217;Union Sovi\u00e9tique. Devenus prol\u00e9taires, les saxons de Bistri\u021ba se sont mis \u00e0 refaire les m\u00e9nages, \u00e0 reprendre le fil d&#8217;une existence normale, centr\u00e9e autour de leurs \u00e9glises et de leurs \u00e9coles en langue maternelle. Il s&#8217;ensuit une vague d&#8217;\u00e9migration de la Roumanie socialiste, attir\u00e9s par la libert\u00e9 et les perspectives \u00e9conomiques avanta\u00ad geuses de l&#8217;Occident, ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne qui a eu pour cons\u00e9quence la perte d&#8217;une composante active de la vie sociale de la r\u00e9gion.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Victor MAROLA<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art22.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Comunit\u0103\u0163ile rom\u00e2ne\u015fti sud-dun\u0103rene <br>Romanian communitis southern Danubian<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d273a1013957683' value='69e38297d273a1013957683'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d273a1013957683' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d273a1013957683' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d273a1013957683' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d273a1013957683' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Romanian communitis southern Danubian<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Protecting dialect-speaking ethnic minorities is a duty of the Romanian state and of the states in which they live, because only then there can be highlighted the European cultural traditions and their linguistic and ethno\u00ad graphic background. There are ethnic communities in many regions of the southern Danubian and southwestern Balkan in urban or rural areas (Meglen), which uses a dialect of Romanian and which are engaged in trade, agri\u00ad culture and tourism. Whether appointed Rum\u00e2ni (Timoc Serbian), Vlachs (Thessaloniki, Veria, Axiopole etc.), or Macedonian Aromanians (Bitola, Skopje), residents of these communities have difficulties to preserve their ethnic identity and linguistic because they are subject to a process of gradually assimilation. This article aim is to present descriptive data, places and landmark-moments in contemporary history of these ethnic communities.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Petre DIN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/art23.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Transilvania \u00een percep\u0163ia istoriografiei clujene contemporane<br>Transylvania in Cluj contemporary historiography perception<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e38297d27fe6007415838' value='69e38297d27fe6007415838'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e38297d27fe6007415838' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e38297d27fe6007415838' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e38297d27fe6007415838' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e38297d27fe6007415838' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Transylvania in Cluj contemporary historiography perception<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Summary)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Transylvania, a model to Romania, is a subject that often lies\/frequently returns in the writings of the his\u00ad torians from Cluj. In this respect, the idea of Transylvanian autonomy has spread as a means of saving the Romanians from Transylvania from the Oriental Balkanism of the Romanians from the south and east of the Carpathians. Romanian crisis can be overcome\/excedeed by accepting the Western moral values of Transylvania by all Romanians. &nbsp;Building a democratic and prosperous Romania should be based on the Western Transylvanian experien\u00ad ce,&nbsp; manifested&nbsp; by&nbsp; a genuine patriotism and&nbsp; tolerance towards minorities.&nbsp; Based&nbsp; on&nbsp; these historical realities, Transylvania&#8217;s prominence as a civilizing factor and stability to Romania, is an indubitable certainty.<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator alignwide is-style-wide\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anul: 2013 Editor: Complexul Muzeal \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103udISSN: 1222-5096 \u00c1rp\u00e1d TAT\u00c1RIdoli neolitici din jude\u0163ul Bistri\u0163a-N\u0103s\u0103ud Neolitische Idole aus Kreis Bistritz-Nassod Carol KACS\u00d3Pumnalul de bronz de la Pir Der Bronzedolch von Pir Marius ARDELEANUImporturi<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=74\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-74","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.1 - 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