{"id":69,"date":"2021-11-19T07:10:56","date_gmt":"2021-11-19T07:10:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=69"},"modified":"2022-01-14T14:28:19","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T14:28:19","slug":"2011-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=69","title":{"rendered":"2011"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:29%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"515\" height=\"734\" src=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2011.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-35\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2011.png 515w, https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2011-210x300.png 210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CUPRINS-2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CUPRINS<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CUPRINS-2011.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button\" download>Descarc\u0103<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anul: 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Editor: Complexul Muzeal <br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud<br \/>ISSN: 1222-5096<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:71%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mihai ROTEA, Mihai WITTENBERGER, Monica TECAR, Tiberiu TECAR<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Metalurgia-epocii-bronzului-in-Transilvania-mestesug-arta-si-magie-M.-Rotea-M.-Wittenberger-M.-Tecar-T.-Tecar.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metalurgia epocii bronzului \u00een Transilvania: meste\u015fug, art\u0103 \u015fi magie<br>M\u00e9tallurgie du bronze en Transylvanie: techniques, l&#8217;art et magie<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae39210041707608' value='6a32653ae39210041707608'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae39210041707608' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae39210041707608' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae39210041707608' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae39210041707608' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">M\u00e9tallurgie du bronze en Transylvanie: techniques, l\u2019art et magie<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">M\u00e9tallurgie du bronze en Transylvanie, l\u00e4ge du Bronze, est un m\u00e9lange de techniques, l\u2019art et la magie, qui doit \u00eatre corrobor\u00e9e par une bonne compr\u00e9hension des donn\u00e9es arheologhice ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne avec ceux offerts par l\u2019ethnographie, l\u2019histoire des religions (en particulier l\u2019Ancien Testament), histoire de l\u2019art et la technique, textes antique etc. Depuis la m\u00e9tallurgie du bronze en Transylvanie dans le sujet technologique ou artistique de nombreuses contributions dans la litt\u00e9rature arch\u00e9ologique,&nbsp; les auteurs ont insist\u00e9,&nbsp; en&nbsp; r\u00e9sum\u00e9 ici,&nbsp; sur la connotation&nbsp; magique\/culte de ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne,&nbsp; en&nbsp; s&#8217;appuyant notamment sur les perspectives ouvertes par le travail de M. Eliade. Deux sites distincts (Palatca et Boldu\u021b), r\u00e9sum\u00e9s ici, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 au centre de l\u2019argumentation des auteurs. Apr\u00e8s la pr\u00e9sentation de l\u2019univers rituel m\u00e9tallurgique, avec tout ce que peut \u00eatre attribu\u00e9e, sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s et analys\u00e9s dans cette perspective,&nbsp; les d\u00e9couvertes arch\u00e9ologiques du&nbsp; Palatca,&nbsp; qui comprend&nbsp; un complexe rituel et un autel, dont de quelques pi\u00e8ces sp\u00e9ciaux de l\u2019atelier bronzes, et, d\u2019autre part, les fours et les cendres trouv\u00e9s \u00e0 Boldu\u021b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Adrian SOCACI<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/O-asezare-apartinand-epocii-bronzului-tarziu-descoperita-la-Ilisua-A.-Socaci.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">O a\u015fezare apar\u0163in\u00e2nd epocii bronzului t\u00e2rziu descoperit\u0103 la Ili\u015fua (corn. Uriu, jud. Bistri\u0163a-N\u0103s\u0103ud)<br>A settlement belonging to the Late Bronze Age discovered at Ili\u015fua (Uriu commune, Bistri\u0163a-N\u0103s\u0103ud County)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae3b703096607119' value='6a32653ae3b703096607119'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae3b703096607119' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae3b703096607119' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae3b703096607119' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae3b703096607119' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">A settlement belonging to the Late Bronze Age discovered at Ili\u0219ua (Uriu commune, Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud County)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Ili\u0219ua is a village (Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud County) (Fig. 1), geographically located on the lower course of Ili\u0219ua river, one of the tributaries of the Some\u0219ul Mare river. Here was discovered, by chance, a prehistoric settlement in the \u201ePodorauc\u0103\u201d landmark (Fig. 2 \/ a). &nbsp;The following investigations, conducted by Dr. Fl Gog\u00e2ltan in spring of 2009, on the settlement, were well defined visually the extent on a freshly ploughed field, owned by I. R\u00e2pan (Fig. 2 \/ b). &nbsp;On this occasion various archaeological materials were collected (Pl. I-XV), of which most is Late Bronze Age ceramics, known in the repertoire of the Suciu de Sus and Wietenberg cultures. The prehistoric habitation is located in the high valley of the Ili\u0219ua river, about 300 m north of its confluence with a small stream, which flows from H\u0103\u0219ma\u0219 Valley&nbsp; (Fig.&nbsp; 3&nbsp; \/ a).&nbsp; Also,&nbsp; based&nbsp; on&nbsp; pottery&nbsp; scattered&nbsp; on&nbsp; the ground,&nbsp; we established the perimeter of the settlement with GPS in the fall of 2011. So we found out that the settlement is relatively large (Fig. 3 \/ b). We do not exclude the possibility that this settlement could be contemporary with some prehistoric habitation and discoveries from Uriu-Ili\u0219ua area (Fig. 3 \/ c). Ceramic fragments found&nbsp; at Ili\u0219ua present typological-decorative characteristics similar to&nbsp; those found in&nbsp; the settlements from L\u0103pu\u0219el \u201eMociar\u201d and&nbsp; C\u0103\u0219eiu&nbsp; \u201eCet\u0103\u021bele\u201d.&nbsp; From the chronological point of view, the archaeological site can be classified in the transition phase from the culture Suciu de Sus to the L\u0103pu\u0219 group (Late Bronze Age II-Hallsttat AJ.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Monica TECAR<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Sondaj-de-salvare-la-Apahida-jud.-Cluj-Monica-Tecar.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sondaj de salvare la Apahida, jud. Cluj<br>Rescue archaeological survey in Apahida &#8211; R\u00e2tul Vi\u0163eilor, Cluj County<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae3c8e1057926139' value='6a32653ae3c8e1057926139'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae3c8e1057926139' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae3c8e1057926139' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae3c8e1057926139' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae3c8e1057926139' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Rescue archaeological survey in Apahida-R\u00e2tu Vi\u021beilor, Cluj County<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The article presents the results of a small rescue archaeological survey&nbsp; in&nbsp; Apahida-H\u00e2tu\/Vi\u021beilor, Cluj County.&nbsp; Archaeological research&nbsp; have found&nbsp; a settlement belonging&nbsp; to&nbsp; the Middle Bronze Age,&nbsp; Wietenberg Culture, Phase III.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KACS\u00d3 Carol<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Contributii-la-cunoasterea-ceramicii-Suciu-de-sus-Kacso-Carol.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Contribu\u0163ii la cunoa\u015fterea ceramicii Suciu de Sus. Descoperirile din Depresiunea Maramure\u015fului <br>Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntnis der Suciu de Sus-Keramik. Die Funde aus der Maramuresch-Niederung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae3d880067104239' value='6a32653ae3d880067104239'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae3d880067104239' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae3d880067104239' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae3d880067104239' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae3d880067104239' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntnis der Suciu de Sus-Keramik. Die Funde aus der Maramuresch-Niederung<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">In&nbsp; der Maramuresch-Niederung,&nbsp; eine geographische Einheit im Obertheissgebiet,&nbsp; wurde eine gr\u00f6\u00dfere Menge von&nbsp; Suciu&nbsp; de Sus-Keramik,&nbsp; die auch&nbsp; typologisch&nbsp; analysiert werden&nbsp; kann,&nbsp; in&nbsp; den&nbsp; Siedlungen&nbsp; von Giule\u0219ti-Vafea Mestecani\u0219 und&nbsp; Slatina-Cetate entdeckt,&nbsp; aber die keramischen&nbsp; Funde aus den&nbsp; Siedlungen von&nbsp; C\u0103line\u0219ti-fiogoaze,&nbsp; C\u0103line\u0219ti-GrajdunVe CAP und&nbsp; Sighetu&nbsp; Marma\u021biei-C\u00eeregh\u00ee \/,&nbsp; die meist w\u00e4hrend&nbsp; der Gel\u00e4ndebehegungen gefunden wurden, sind ebenfalls mengenm\u00e4\u00dfig relativ gro\u00df. Es gibt zwei Keramikkategorien: a. gut oder sehr gut gebrannt, Magerung mit Sand, sehr kleinen Steichen, sehr selten&nbsp; auch&nbsp; mit zersto\u00dfenen&nbsp; Scherben; b.&nbsp; gut oder,&nbsp; seltener,&nbsp; schlecht gebrannt,&nbsp; Magerung&nbsp; mit gr\u00f6\u00dferen Steichen, am meisten kombiniert mit zersto\u00dfenen Scherben. Die&nbsp; in&nbsp; der&nbsp; Maramuresch-Niederung&nbsp; identifizierten&nbsp; Suciu&nbsp; de&nbsp; Sus-Gef\u00e4\u00dfformen&nbsp; sind:&nbsp; T\u00f6pfe&nbsp; (I),&nbsp; Scholen\/ Sch\u00fcsseln (II), Tassen (III), Kr\u00fcge (IV), Gef\u00e4\u00dfe mit bauchigem K\u00f6rper (V), Gef\u00e4\u00dfe mit hohem Hals und bauchigem K\u00f6rper (VI), tragbare \u00d6fen (VII), \u201eGlutdeckeT\u2019 (VIII), Deckel (IX). Jede Form wird durch mehrere Typen, Varianten und Untervarianten vertreten, die gute Analogien in dem ganzen Verbreitungsgebiet der Kultur haben. Manche dieser Formen sind auch in dem Keramikrepertoire der L\u0103pu\u0219-Gruppe anwesend. Die Suciu&nbsp; de Sus-Gef\u00e4\u00dfe sind&nbsp; mit Besenstrich,&nbsp; in&nbsp; Ritz- und&nbsp; Kerbschnitttechnik&nbsp; geleisteten&nbsp; Motiven, plastischen&nbsp; Motiven&nbsp; oder Kanneluren&nbsp; verziert.&nbsp; In&nbsp; der Maramuresch-Niederung&nbsp; wurde aber nur ein&nbsp; einziges Gef\u00e4\u00df gefunden, das mit Kerbschnittmotiven verziert ist. Es scheint, dass diese Technik in diesem Gebiet kaum benutzt wurde und, ebenso wie in der Ostslowakei, die Feinkeramik in allen Etappen der Kultur besonders mit Ritzungen dekoriert wurde.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Valentin VASILIEV<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Despre-afirmatii-recente-privind-crononologia-asezarii-de-la-Teleac-si-probleme-de-etica-elementara-V.-Vasiliev.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Despre afirma\u0163ii recente privind cronologia a\u015fez\u0103rii de la Teleac \u015fi probleme de etic\u0103 elementar\u0103<br>\u00dcber einige neulich Aufgestellte behauptungen zur Chronologie der Siedlung von Teleac und zu Grundlegenden ethischen Fragen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae3e843071351396' value='6a32653ae3e843071351396'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae3e843071351396' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae3e843071351396' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae3e843071351396' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae3e843071351396' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00dcber einige neulich Aufgestellte behauptungen zur Chronologie &nbsp;der Siedlung von Teleac und zu Grundlegenden ethischen Fragen<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">In&nbsp; den&nbsp; letzten&nbsp; ca.&nbsp; 30&nbsp; Jahren&nbsp; befasste&nbsp; ich&nbsp; mich&nbsp; in&nbsp; mehreren&nbsp; Aufs\u00e4tzen&nbsp; mit&nbsp; verschiedenen&nbsp; Fragen zur&nbsp;&nbsp; Chronologie&nbsp;&nbsp; der&nbsp;&nbsp; ersten&nbsp;&nbsp; Eisenzeit&nbsp;&nbsp; im&nbsp;&nbsp; innerkarpatischen&nbsp;&nbsp; Siebenb\u00fcrgen43&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; und&nbsp;&nbsp; ver\u00f6ffentlichte&nbsp;&nbsp; in&nbsp;&nbsp; einer &nbsp;Monographie die Ergebnisse der Forschungen&nbsp; in&nbsp; der befestigten&nbsp; Siedlung&nbsp; von&nbsp; Teleac44 sowie in&nbsp; jenen&nbsp; von &nbsp;Dej,&nbsp; Subcetate,&nbsp; Bozna,&nbsp; Ciceu-Corabia und&nbsp; \u0218ona45.&nbsp; Ein&nbsp; unl\u00e4ngst von&nbsp; H.&nbsp; Ciugudean&nbsp; ver\u00f6ffentlichter Aufsatz46 &nbsp;erfordert die Wiederaufnahme einiger Aspekte zur Chronologie der Siedlung&nbsp; von&nbsp; Teleac.&nbsp; Besonders aber ist eine Diskussion&nbsp; vonn\u00f6ten,&nbsp; weil in&nbsp; diesem Aufsatz (siehe S.&nbsp; 313&nbsp; und&nbsp; Anm.&nbsp; 6) besonders schwerwiegende Behauptungen&nbsp; aufgestellt werden,&nbsp; die dahin&nbsp; zielen,&nbsp; dass ich,&nbsp; um meine eigenen&nbsp; chronologischen&nbsp; Ansichten voranzubringen, \u201eVer\u00e4nderungen im Text des Kapitels \u00fcber die Keramik durchgef\u00fchrt\u201d haben soll (Kapitel, das von H. Ciugudean im Rahmen der Monographie von Teleac ausgearbeitet wurde; siehe die in Anm. 2, S. 78-101 zitierte Arbeit),&nbsp; wobei diese Ver\u00e4nderungen&nbsp; besonders den&nbsp; Endpunkt,&nbsp; aber auch&nbsp; den&nbsp; Anfang&nbsp; der Fundstelle von Teleac betreffen. &nbsp;Bez\u00fcglich&nbsp; der&nbsp; Andeutungen&nbsp; von&nbsp; H.&nbsp; Ciugudean&nbsp; erhebt&nbsp; sich&nbsp; zun\u00e4chst&nbsp; folgende&nbsp; Frage:&nbsp; wenn&nbsp; ich&nbsp; schon Ver\u00e4nderungen&nbsp;&nbsp; in&nbsp;&nbsp; dem&nbsp;&nbsp; von&nbsp;&nbsp; ihm &nbsp;&nbsp;geschriebenen&nbsp;&nbsp; Kapitel&nbsp;&nbsp; durchf\u00fchrte,&nbsp;&nbsp; wieso&nbsp;&nbsp; lie\u00df&nbsp;&nbsp; ich&nbsp;&nbsp; eben&nbsp;&nbsp; den&nbsp;&nbsp; Endteil unver\u00e4ndert, einschlie\u00dflich S. 100 (auf die er sich in der Anm. 6 bezieht), wo u. a. behauptet wird, dass sich zwischen dem Kulturhorizont, der vom Teleac III-Niveau gebildet wird, und dem Auftreten der skytischen Gruppe&nbsp; in&nbsp; Siebenb\u00fcrgen,&nbsp; die&nbsp; Siedlungen&nbsp; der&nbsp; Basarabi-Kultur&nbsp; von&nbsp; Aiud,&nbsp; Sebe\u0219,&nbsp; Rah\u0103u,&nbsp; Chendu&nbsp; einf\u00fcgen\u201d. Es&nbsp; geht&nbsp; also&nbsp; von&nbsp; Anfang&nbsp; an&nbsp; daraus&nbsp; hervor,&nbsp; dass&nbsp; die&nbsp; Andeutungen&nbsp; von&nbsp; H.&nbsp; Ciugudean&nbsp; v\u00f6llig&nbsp; ungerechtfertigt sind.&nbsp; Den&nbsp; deutlichen,&nbsp; unmittelbaren&nbsp; Beweis&nbsp; bilden&nbsp; seine&nbsp; eigenen&nbsp; Arbeiten,&nbsp; die&nbsp; er&nbsp; nach&nbsp; dem&nbsp; Erscheinen&nbsp; der Monographie der Siedlung von Teleac ver\u00f6ffentlichte, also (ich unterstreiche dies!) als niemand mehr in seinen Text eingreifen konnte! &nbsp;So&nbsp; ver\u00f6ffentlichte&nbsp; H.&nbsp; Ciugudean&nbsp; in&nbsp; einem&nbsp; 1994&nbsp; erschienenen&nbsp; Aufsatz&nbsp; (also&nbsp; drei&nbsp; Jahre&nbsp; nach&nbsp; der&nbsp; Teleac- Monographie), den er (aufschlussreich!) \u201eDie Hallstatt A-Zeit in Zentralsiebenb\u00fcrgen\u201d47 48&nbsp; betitelte, Materialien, &nbsp;die in f\u00fcnf Ortschaften des erw\u00e4hnten Gebietes entdeckt wurden (Aiud, Alba Iulia, Band, Cugir, Uioara de Jos; die ersten vier sind Zufallsfunde), die alle in die Ha.A-Phase geh\u00f6ren. Dies behauptet H. Ciugudean schon am Anfang&nbsp; des Aufsatzes40: \u201eDie Grabungen&nbsp; &#8230; von Teleac trugen &#8230; zur Definierung der Kulturentwicklung im &nbsp;Zentralbereich&nbsp; Siebenb\u00fcrgens im ersten&nbsp; Viertel des 1.&nbsp; Jahrtausends v.&nbsp; Chr.&nbsp; bei.1\u201d Ich&nbsp; unterstreiche,&nbsp; dass die &nbsp;Anmerkung am Ende des obigen Zitats auf die Teleac-Monographie verweist, was an und f\u00fcr sich zeigt, dass H. Ciugudean mit dem einverstanden war, was er vorher im keramischen Kapitel der Monograpie geschrieben hatte (S. 98), u. zw., dass \u201edas Niveau I &#8230; in Ha.Ba datiert &#8230;\u201d werden kann. Dies ist ein erster Beweis, dass &nbsp;keine Eingriffe im Text unternommen wurden. Weiter im selben Aufsatz (S.72, Absatz 1) wird behauptet, dass \u201eDen fr\u00fchesten G\u00e4va-\u00c4u\u00dferungen im Siebenb\u00fcrgischen Hochland, die durch das Niveau I von Teleac vertreten werden,&#8230;&nbsp; gesonderte Kulturgruppen&nbsp; vorangegangen&nbsp; zu&nbsp; sein&nbsp; scheinen,&nbsp; deren&nbsp; Entfaltung&nbsp; die Zeitspanne Ha.A deckt\u201d; diese letzte Idee wird&nbsp; auch&nbsp; im Endabschnitt der Arbeit wiederholt,&nbsp; wo&nbsp; erneut behauptet wird: \u201eDie Dokumentierung&nbsp; von&nbsp; Kulturgruppen,&nbsp; deren&nbsp; Entfaltung&nbsp; die Ha.A-Zeit im zentralsiebenb\u00fcrgischen&nbsp; Bereich deckt &#8230;\u201d (S. 73). Wenn man auch die chronologische Karte49 verfolgt, wo die Entdeckungen vom Typ Cugir- &nbsp;Band die Ha.A-Zeit decken, w\u00e4hrend das Objekt vom G\u00e4va-Typ (sp\u00e4ter als 1000 v. Chr.) in Ha.B plaziert wird, erscheinen&nbsp; die v\u00f6llig&nbsp; haltlosen&nbsp; Andeutungen&nbsp; von&nbsp; H.&nbsp; Ciugudean&nbsp; als absolut offensichtlich,&nbsp; umso&nbsp; mehr,&nbsp; da in der Teleac-Monographie der Anfang der G\u00e4va-Kultur im innerkarpatischen Bereich an das Ende von Ha.A und den Anfang von Ha.B datiert wird50.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>George G. MARINESCU, Radu ZAGREANU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Un-nou-akinakes-descpoerit-la-Nasal-com.-Taga-jud.-Cluj-G.-Marinescu-R.-Zagreanu.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Un nou <em>akinakes<\/em> descoperit la N\u0103sal (corn. \u0162aga, jud. Cluj)<br>A new akinakes discovered at N\u0103sal (\u0162aga commune, Cluj County)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae3fbe0054452371' value='6a32653ae3fbe0054452371'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae3fbe0054452371' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae3fbe0054452371' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae3fbe0054452371' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae3fbe0054452371' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">A new akinakes discovered at N\u0103sal (\u021aaga commune, Cluj County)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The goal of this paper is to present a new iron akinakes, discovered by chance, before 1989, in N\u0103sal village,&nbsp; at \u201eGospodar\u201d location.&nbsp; In&nbsp; the last few decades the discovery&nbsp; and&nbsp; the integration&nbsp; in&nbsp; the scientific circle of such&nbsp; objects,&nbsp; is extremely&nbsp; rare in&nbsp; the Romanian,&nbsp; and&nbsp; especially&nbsp; in&nbsp; the Transylvanian&nbsp; archaeology, studying the late Hallstatt Age. The akinakes is relatively well preserved. It can be framed in the Delenii type, the decorative motifs being present only on one side (Pl. III). Considering the analogies with other Delenii type objects, the akinakes from N\u0103sal is dated in the first half of the 6th century BC. The object is very likely to come &nbsp;from a warrior\u2019s grave. The presence in this area of a new scythian discovery, after an iron akinakes accidentally discovered at the beginning of the 20th century (Pl. IV\/B), is determining us to consider the possibility that in &nbsp;the area could be a scythian type necropolis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Paul PUPEZA<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Murus-Dacicus-simbol-al-razboiului-sau-al-pacii-Paul-Pupeza.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Murus Dacicus, simbol al r\u0103zboiului sau al p\u0103cii?<br>Murus dacicus, a symbol of war or of peace?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae40b73083262887' value='6a32653ae40b73083262887'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae40b73083262887' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae40b73083262887' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae40b73083262887' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae40b73083262887' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Murus dacicus, a symbol of war or of peace?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Murus dacicus is a type of wall used by the Dacians for elevating fortifications and towers but also for sustaining&nbsp; anthropogenic terraces.&nbsp; The main&nbsp; function&nbsp; of the wall in&nbsp; murus dacicus technique seems to&nbsp; be military, but from this functionalist point of view, the picture of the Dacian fortresses is incomplete. Murus dacicus have to be regarded from a different angle, as a result of an authority decision, as a manifestation of power,&nbsp; not always military&nbsp; based.&nbsp; The fortresses are rather an&nbsp; expression&nbsp; of peace and&nbsp; prosperity&nbsp; than&nbsp; the consequence of a conflict or war. The constructive effort mobilization, the work organization and development can&nbsp; not be made in&nbsp; wartime or in&nbsp; conflict periods of any&nbsp; kind.&nbsp; The resources concentration&nbsp; for such&nbsp; large projects like the Dacian fortresses can take place only in the absence of immediate military pressure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nicolae GUDEA<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Eine-botschaft-von-dem-Limes-dacicus-an-die-spanischen-archaologen-N.-Gudea-final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Eine botschaft von dem Limes dacicus an die spanischen arch\u00e4ologen:<br>\u00dcber eine Einheit der Legion VII Gemina Felix in Porolissum am dakischen Limes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae41ac5095093953' value='6a32653ae41ac5095093953'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae41ac5095093953' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae41ac5095093953' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae41ac5095093953' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae41ac5095093953' ><\/p>\n<p><strong>Acest articol nu are rezumat<br><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Corneliu GAIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Vestigii-ale-metalurgiei-bronsului-in-castrul-roman-de-la-Ilisua-C.-Gaiu.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vestigii ale metalurgiei bronzului \u00een castrul roman de la Ili\u015fua<br>Vestiges de la metallurgie du bronze dans le camp romain de Ili\u015fua<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae42328013231493' value='6a32653ae42328013231493'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae42328013231493' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae42328013231493' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae42328013231493' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae42328013231493' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Vestiges de la m\u00e9tallurgie du bronze dans le camp romain de Ili\u0219ua<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Des nombreuses pi\u00e8ces, accessoires pour les v\u00eatements et objets d\u2019\u00e9quipement militaire, en bronze trouv\u00e9es dans le camp auxiliaire de Ili\u0219ua, la s\u00e9rie de pi\u00e8ces en cours de travail ou non finies, des restes de bronze et plomb&nbsp; ramass\u00e9s en&nbsp; vue de leur refonte,&nbsp; la pr\u00e9sence des outils d\u2019artisans preuvent l\u2019activit\u00e9 des ma\u00eetres en bronze qui ouvraient pour les besoins de la troupe ala Tungrorum Frontoniana. La d\u00e9couverte d\u2019une moule de gr\u00e8s (Pl. I) utilis\u00e9e pour les pi\u00e8ces d\u2019\u00e9quipement militaire et des creusets en argile (Pl. II\/2-3) et bronze (PL II\/l) confirme l\u2019activit\u00e9 d\u2019un atelier install\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la fortification.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Radu ZAGREANU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Un-perete-posterior-de-aedicula-funerara-descoperit-la-Sieu-Odorhei-Radu-Zagreanu.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Un perete posterior de aedicula funerar\u0103 descoperit la \u015eieu-Odorhei (jud. Bistri\u0163a-N\u0103s\u0103ud)<br>Posterior wall from an aedicula discovered at \u015eieu-Odorhei (Bistri\u0163a-N\u0103s\u0103ud County)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae431d9064181076' value='6a32653ae431d9064181076'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae431d9064181076' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae431d9064181076' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae431d9064181076' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae431d9064181076' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Posterior wall from an aedicula discovered at \u0218ieu-Odorhei (Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud County)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Summary)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">In 1986, at the village border of \u0218ieu-Odorhei, was found an interesting monument of Roman sculpture. The monument fragment is part of an aedicula in antis with the depiction of the deceased sculpted in high- relief, carved from volcanic tuff of Dej. The proportions of the characters are half the natural size, the back of the fragment is flat. The relief depicts a woman on the right, dressed in a chiton that covers her feet, and a himation, and a man located on the left, wider than the woman. The man\u2019s figure is severely damaged, lacking the head and neck and also both feet. He is dressed in a toga. The carving style is a rudimentary version of type A. sub-type C after Diaconescu\u2019s typology. A volumen is clearly defined, being held in his left hand. The monument from \u0218ieu-Odorhei differs from other analogies,&nbsp; in&nbsp; that the male character is dressed&nbsp; in&nbsp; a toga, which&nbsp; is extremely&nbsp; rare on&nbsp; Dacia Porolissensis monuments.&nbsp; The sculpture can&nbsp; be dated&nbsp; with&nbsp; certainty&nbsp; in the 3rd century, probably in the first half. The monument must be the achievement of a stone-worker, with a certain notoriety in the area, that worked at some point in the workshop next to the Roman fort at Ili\u0219ua. This certifies that the male character on the fragment was a major figure in the civil community outside the Roman fort at Ili\u0219ua, which had probably served as a magistrate in the Arcobadara vicus, owning a villa rustica at \u0218ieu- Odorhei. The desire to make known his prosperity and higher social status, may have determined the character to raise an important funerary building, near the supposed Roman road crossing the area.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cristian G\u0102ZDAC, Corneliu GAIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Capcanele-evidentei-numismatice.-cazul-castrului-auxiliar-arcobadara-C.-Gazdac-C.-Gaiu.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Capcanele eviden\u0163ei numismatice. Cazul castrului auxiliar Arcobadara (Ili\u015fua, Jude\u0163ul Bistri\u0163a-N\u0103s\u0103ud, Rom\u00e2nia)<br>Reviewing the Numismatic Evidence. A case Study: Auxiliary Fort from Ili\u015fua<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae440d6029946978' value='6a32653ae440d6029946978'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae440d6029946978' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae440d6029946978' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae440d6029946978' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae440d6029946978' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Reviewing the Numismatic Evidence. &nbsp;A case Study: Auxiliary Fort from Ili\u0219ua<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Summary)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">This study is focused in what one could have thought on a particular case of coin supply with good silver coin of a Roman fort in a province. Until this study, the spectrum of coin finds at the Roman fort from Ili\u0219ua (North&nbsp; of Roman&nbsp; Dacia) indicated&nbsp; a good&nbsp; supply&nbsp; with&nbsp; genuine silver coin.&nbsp; In&nbsp; comparison&nbsp; with&nbsp; other forts (Porolissum, Gherla) from the same province cf Dacia, where the percentage of the plated silver coins held quite high values, the case of the fort from Ili\u0219ua was a particular one. The re-analyse of coin finds and the separation of coins found within the fort from those from the vicus totally change the view on the coin finds from Ili\u0219ua. The new graph of coin finds from the auxiliary fort from Ili\u0219ua has revealed the fact that also at this site the plated silver coin played a significant role in coin circulation. &nbsp;At the end, it can be affirmed that we dealt with a matter of a methodological approach in a first phase of the analyse of coin finds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dumitru PROTASE<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Un-cimitir-de-incineratie-slav-din-sec.-VIII-IX-la-Soporu-de-Campie-D.-Protase.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Un cimitir de incinera\u0163ie slav din sec. VIII-IX la Soporu de C\u00e2mpie<br>Un cimeti\u00e8re d&#8217;incineration slave de VIII\/IX si\u00e8cles a Soporu de C\u00e2mpie (dep. De Cluj)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae450a1075887728' value='6a32653ae450a1075887728'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae450a1075887728' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae450a1075887728' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae450a1075887728' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae450a1075887728' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Un cimeti\u00e8re d\u2019incin\u00e9ration slave de VIII\/IX &nbsp;si\u00e8cles \u00e0 Soporu de C\u00e2mpie (dep. De Cluj)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Ce cimeti\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9 en 1963 sur le petit plateau d\u00e9nomm\u00e9 \u201ePoderei\u201d (fig. 1-2) et jusqu\u2019 aujourd\u2019hui de son contenu nous connaissons 6 tombes, cherch\u00e9es par les fouilles arch\u00e9ologiques. Au moins, un nombre de 7-8 tombes d\u2019incin\u00e9ration, d\u2019apr\u00e8s les relations des habitants de l\u2019endroit, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites par les travaux de construction d&#8217;un d\u00e9p\u00f4t de la ferme agricole locale (fig. 4). De fait, le cimeti\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifie par ces travaux. &nbsp;La datation&nbsp; et l\u2019attribution&nbsp; ethnique de cette d\u2019d\u00e9couverte plaident pour son&nbsp; encadrement dans la s\u00e9rie des cimeti\u00e8res d\u2019incin\u00e9ration&nbsp; (ou&nbsp; birituels,&nbsp; contenants un&nbsp; petit nombre de tombes a inhumation),&nbsp; connus sur le territoire de la Roumanie et de l\u2019Europe centrale et du sud-est ou habitaient a l\u2019\u00e9poque, en grand nombre, et les tribus slaves.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vasile M\u0102RCULE\u0162<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Aspecte-ale-politicii-pontice-a-Despotatului-Dobrogean-din-a-doua-jumatate-a-secolului-al-XIV-lea-V.-Marculet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aspecte ale politicii pontice a Despotatului Dobrogean din a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului al XIV-lea: rela\u0163iile cu Imperiul grec de Trapezunt<br>Aspects de la politique du Despotat de la Dobroudja pendant la deuxi\u00e8me moiti\u00e9 du XIVe si\u00e8cle: les relations avec l&#8217;Empire Grecque de Tr\u00e9bizonde<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae46175036711558' value='6a32653ae46175036711558'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae46175036711558' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae46175036711558' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae46175036711558' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae46175036711558' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Aspects de la politique du Despotat de la Dobroudja pendant la deuxi\u00e8me moiti\u00e9 du XIVe si\u00e8cle: les relations avec l\u2019Empire Grecque de Tr\u00e9bizonde<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9e)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Le raports avec l\u2019Empire des Grands Comn\u00e8nes de Tr\u00e9bizonde repr\u00e9sente une partie importante de la politique pontique du&nbsp; Despotat de la Dobroudja.&nbsp; Dans le cadre des relations avec l\u2019Empire de Tr\u00e9bizonde, men\u00e9es par le despote Dobroti\u021b\u0103 on identifie deux \u00e9tapes: a) l\u2019automne 1373- l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 1376, une \u00e9tape conflictuelle, g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e de la politique agressive du despote Dobroti\u021b\u0103 \u00e0 l\u2019adresse de l\u2019\u00e9tat des Grands Comn\u00e8nes; b) avant et apr\u00e8s 1382, \u00e9tape caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par la collaboration, y compris militaire, des deux \u00e9tats contre G\u00eanes. Pendant la p\u00e9riode \u00e9tendue entre l\u2019automne de l\u2019an 1373 et l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 de 1376 le despote Dobroti\u021b\u0103 a essay\u00e9 subordonner l\u2019Empire Grecque de Tr\u00e9bizonde imposant sur le tr\u00f4ne des Grands Comn\u00e8nes de son gendre Michel Pal\u00e9ologos. Les tentatives de 11-15&nbsp; novembre 1373&nbsp; et du&nbsp; printemps-\u00e9t\u00e9 1376&nbsp; ont \u00e9chou\u00e9,&nbsp; soit \u00e0 cause de l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 du&nbsp; pr\u00e9tendant de provoquer par ses propres forces le renversement politique de Tr\u00e9bizonde, soit \u00e0 cause de l\u2019abandon de son plan par son alli\u00e9 la Venise. L\u2019\u00e9tape avant et apr\u00e8s 1382, consacre le conflit du Despotate de la Dobroudja et l\u2019Empire de Tr\u00e9bizonde avec G\u00eanes. Pendant cette \u00e9tape on pourait admettre une coordination des op\u00e9rations des deux \u00e9tats contre G\u00eanes, mais pas une collaboration militaire \u00e0 proprement parler, respectivement une action commune des leurs forces.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Petre DIN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Informatii-despre-viata-comerciala-a-Tarilor-Romane-in-relatarile-calatorilor-straini-din-a-doua-jumatate-a-sec.-al-XVII-lea-P.-Din.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Informa\u0163ii despre via\u0163a comercial\u0103 a \u0162\u0103rilor Rom\u00e2ne \u00een relat\u0103rile c\u0103l\u0103torilor str\u0103ini din a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului al XVII-lea<br>Information about the commerciallife of the Romanian Countries in the foreign travelers reports from the second half of the 17th century<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae471f5016831813' value='6a32653ae471f5016831813'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae471f5016831813' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae471f5016831813' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae471f5016831813' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae471f5016831813' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Information about the commercial life of the Romanian Countries in the foreign travelers reports from the second half of the 17th century<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Summary)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The 17th century was a tensioned period in the international relations of the countries for Central,Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. The thirty zears war (1618-1648), the cazac riots and their union to Russia(1648-1654), the Turkish campanies from Hungary and Transilvania, the defeat of the Turkish in the assault of Viena(1683), the Austrian expedition on the Danube, their settlement in Hungary and Transilvania, made the political life morre dynamic and heir consequences are felt bz the collective and individual sensibility. &nbsp;Through their thematic content, rich and varied, the travel notes represent interesting sorces of information in order to know more concerning the commercial life of the Romanian Countries. Their content concurently presen cultural religious, economic, but also politica consideration. &nbsp;The foreign travelers, the catholic missionaries, the protestants, the military, the diplomatic representatidies of the other countries,&nbsp; who&nbsp; came from geographical regions which&nbsp; had&nbsp; a different social and&nbsp; economical evolution from the one of the Romanian Countries, the detected in the Romanian space atypical realities to the states they came from.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Claudia Septimia SAB\u0102U<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Pruncii-zamisliti-prunci-nedoriti-despre-cazurile-de-avort-din-Districtul-Nasaudului-1861-1876-C.S.-Sabau.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8222;Prunci z\u0103misli\u0163i, prunci nedori\u0163i&#8221; &#8211; despre cazurile de avort din Districtul N\u0103s\u0103udului (1861-1876)<br>&#8222;Procreated children, undesirable children&#8221;- about the cases of abortion from the District of N\u0103s\u0103ud (1861-1876)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae48176086585225' value='6a32653ae48176086585225'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae48176086585225' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae48176086585225' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae48176086585225' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae48176086585225' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u2019\u2019Procreated children, undesirable children\u201d- about the cases of abortion from the District of N\u0103s\u0103ud (1861-1876)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Abortions was practiced from old times to cut out some undesirable pregnancies, but, unfortunately, foi the Transylvanian space from the second part of the 19lh&nbsp; century, there are a limited number of documents &nbsp;which to attest the existence of these. An exception is represented by the N\u0103s\u0103ud region where there have been preserved, for the activity period of the District (1861-1876), in the archive of the supreme court of jurisdiction from that times &#8211; General Court of the District &#8211; a series of undiscovered juridical documents and extreme ol interesting (cases which implies the abortion), which show the presence of these practices in the geographic area mentioned in the second part of the 19lh century. Thus, to detect the implications of the phenomena within &nbsp;the society from N\u0103s\u0103ud, in the content of this study I had as a main purpose the analysis and the interpretation of these cases,&nbsp; but in&nbsp; the same time the penal legislation&nbsp; which&nbsp; was in&nbsp; force in&nbsp; Transylvania,&nbsp; well as the folkloric,&nbsp; medical and&nbsp; literary&nbsp; writings from the epoch&nbsp; which&nbsp; refers,&nbsp; direct or indirect to&nbsp; the abortion&nbsp; and infanticide.&nbsp; How was the abortions procedure? What kinds of herbs or objects were used? Which&nbsp; was the attitude of the community of the laic and churchly authorities on these practices? These are only few questions to which this article wants to respond, so that finally, the individuality of these characters, like a puzzle game; to contribute to the whole mental characteristics adjustment of the people from N\u0103s\u0103ud, from the second pari of the 19lh century, with their multiples and complex problems from the day-to-day.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nicolae TE\u015eCUL\u0102<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Presa-saseasca-bistriteana-1862-1876-N.-Tescula.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Presa s\u0103seasc\u0103 bistri\u0163ean\u0103 1862-1876<br>Die s\u00e4chsiche Presse in Bistritz 1862-1876<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae49133047882651' value='6a32653ae49133047882651'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae49133047882651' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae49133047882651' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae49133047882651' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae49133047882651' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Die s\u00e4chsiche Presse in Bistritz 1862-1876<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Vorliegende Studie beschreibt das Erscheinen und die Entwicklung der deutschen Presse in Bistritz zwischen 1862-1876.&nbsp; Das Vorhandensein&nbsp; einer typografischen&nbsp; Tradition&nbsp; sowie die Abgelegenheit von&nbsp; den&nbsp; politischen, wirtschaftlichen und kulturellen Zentren der Siebenb\u00fcrger Sachsen, hat 1862 den Bruch des bisherigen Monopols von Hermannstadt und Kronstadt auf dem Gebiete der geschriebenen Presse, durch das erscheinen des ersten periodischen Blattes in Bistritz bewirkt. Es werden auch die drei Zeitungen, welche in diesem Zeitraum in Umlauf gebracht und die wichtigsten Themen welche von diesen behandelt wurden, untersucht.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>G\u00fcnter KLEIN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Directorii-Gimnaziului-Evanghelic-C.A.-din-Bistrita-G.-Klein.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Directorii Gimnaziului Evanghelic C.A. din Bistri\u0163a \u00een noua cl\u0103dire gimnazial\u0103 (1910-1944)<br>Die Direktoren des Evangelischen Gymnasiums A.B. in Bistritz im neuen Gymnasialgeb\u00e4ude (1910-1944)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae49ff9063356735' value='6a32653ae49ff9063356735'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae49ff9063356735' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae49ff9063356735' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae49ff9063356735' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae49ff9063356735' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Die Direktoren des Evangelischen Gymnasiums A.B. in Bistritz im neuen &nbsp;Gymnasialgeb\u00e4ude (1910-1944)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Das Evangelische Gymnasium A.B.&nbsp; in&nbsp; Bistritz existierte von&nbsp; 1531-1944.&nbsp; Der erste urkundlich&nbsp; erw\u00e4hnte Schuldirektor war Georg Seraphinus (oder Seraphini), der diese Schulanstalt in den Jahren 1531-1541 leitete. Der letzte und gleichzeitig 102. Direktor des Gymnasiums war Dr. Thomas Fr\u00fchm, Schulleiter in den Jahren 1935-1944. Die letzten vier Direktoren des Gymnasiums wirkten auch im neuen Schulgeb\u00e4ude auf der Fleischerallee (Bulevardul Republicii) und zwar Georg Fischer (1910-1914), Dr. Albert Berger (1914-1930), Ernst Ihl (1930- 1935) und Dr. Thomas Fr\u00fchm (1935-1944). &nbsp;Georg Fischer, der das Gymnasiums 32 Jahre lang leitete, war der Sch\u00f6pfer des neuen Gymnasialgeb\u00e4udes auf der Fleischerallee. Dr. Albert Berger erwarb sich besondere Verdienste als Stadtarchivar der Stadt Bistritz, deren&nbsp; Archiv&nbsp; er 30&nbsp; Jahre lang&nbsp; leitete und&nbsp; nach&nbsp; wissenschaftlichen&nbsp; Gesichtspunkten&nbsp; ordnete.&nbsp; Ernst Ihl rettete das Gymnasium vor dem Untergang in wirtschaftlich und politisch besonders schwierigen Zeiten. Dr. Thomas Fr\u00fchm war der letzte Direktor des Evangelischen Gymnasiums A.B. in Bistritz. Mit ihm endete eine \u00fcber vier Jahrhunderte w\u00e4hrende Tradition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Adrian ONOFREIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Bistrita-incercari-monografice-dupa-1918.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bistri\u0163a-\u00eencerc\u0103ri monografice dup\u0103 1918<br>Bistritz-Versuchungen zu einer Monographie nach dem Jahre 1918<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae4af61025694358' value='6a32653ae4af61025694358'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae4af61025694358' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae4af61025694358' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae4af61025694358' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae4af61025694358' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Bistritz-Versuchungen zu einer Monographie nach dem Jahre 1918<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammefassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Der Verfasser stellt seine Bem\u00fchungen zu der d\u00fcrchf\u00fchrung einer Monographie der Stadt Bistritz dar, auf drei kompnenten: Manuskripte mit bekannten, Author und allgemiene Schriften. &nbsp;Alle diese wurden als einen Beitrag der rum\u00e4nischen Autoren verzeichnet. Das gedruckte Material m\u00f6chtet sich als ein Beitrag zu einer seit langen erwarteten Projekt sein: Monographie der Stadt Bistritz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Iosif UIL\u0102CAN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Judeteana-Nasaud-in-primul-an-al-revolutiei-soialiste-I.-Uilacan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jude\u0163eana N\u0103s\u0103ud \u00een primul an al revolu\u0163iei socialiste<br>La d\u00e9partementale de N\u0103s\u0103ud dans la premiere annee de la Revolution Socialiste<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae4be92065385528' value='6a32653ae4be92065385528'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae4be92065385528' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae4be92065385528' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae4be92065385528' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae4be92065385528' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">La d\u00e9partementale de N\u0103s\u0103ud dans la premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e de la Revolution Socialiste<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">L\u2019\u00e9tude se penche sur de documents de l\u2019archive du Parti Communiste pour mettre au jour la situation socio-\u00e9conomique et l\u2019\u00e9volution politique du d\u00e9partement au premier an de l\u2019instauration de la r\u00e9publique, 1948. Les \u00e9v\u00e9nements centraux : la constitution du parti unique, les \u00e9lections pour la Grande Assembl\u00e9e Nationale, la nationalisation des entreprises, l\u2019interdiction de l\u2019Eglise grec-catholique ont fait partie du processus de communisation de la Roumanie. L\u2019accomplissement de ces t\u00e2ches au d\u00e9partement de N\u0103s\u0103ud a suppos\u00e9 un proc\u00e8s de propagande ample et une consid\u00e9rable action de recrutement des cadres, accompagn\u00e9s par une r\u00e9pression qui partait des sanctions \u00e9conomiques pour arriver aux d\u00e9lations et condamnations, dont les victimes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 des personnes, voire m\u00eame des communaut\u00e9s enti\u00e8res.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dr. Mihai GEORGI\u0162\u0102<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Reforma-si-romanii-in-istoriografia-maghiara-interbelica-dr.-M.-Georgita.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reforma \u015fi rom\u00e2nii \u00een istoriografia maghiar\u0103 interbelic\u0103<br>Reformation and Romanians in the interwar Hungarian historiography<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae4cc37009042222' value='6a32653ae4cc37009042222'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae4cc37009042222' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae4cc37009042222' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae4cc37009042222' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae4cc37009042222' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Reformation and Romanians in the interwar Hungarian historiography<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">After the annexation of Transylvania to the kingdom of Romania, the Hungarian historiography, especially the Transylvanian&nbsp; one,&nbsp; is concerned&nbsp; in&nbsp; the new,&nbsp; cultural and&nbsp; political context,&nbsp; with&nbsp; a subject that has been treated superficially since the Enlightenment, for example in synthesis works regarding the history of reformed church. The integration of Hungarians in the new state, where the majority culture was of Romanian expression, has been&nbsp; a provocation&nbsp; for the Hungarian&nbsp; historiography&nbsp; interested&nbsp; to&nbsp; emphasize the special contribution of the religious reformation&nbsp; to&nbsp; the formation&nbsp; of language and&nbsp; Romanian&nbsp; spirituality.&nbsp; All the statements and conclusions of Hungarian historians supported the idea of beneficial influence of Reformation in the cultural and spiritual prosperity of Transylvanian Romanians.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KACS\u00d3 Carol, Dumitru I\u015eTVAN, Traian MINGHIRA\u015e<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Cercetari-de-arheologie-montana-la-Baia-Mare-C.-Kasco-D.Istvan-T.-Minghiras.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cercet\u0103ri de arheologie montan\u0103 la Baia Mare (I.)<br>Montanarch\u00e4ologische Forschungen in Baia Mare (I.)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae4da63052051178' value='6a32653ae4da63052051178'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae4da63052051178' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae4da63052051178' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae4da63052051178' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae4da63052051178' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Montanarch\u00e4ologische Forschungen in Baia Mare (I.)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Die Verfasser beschreiben&nbsp; und&nbsp; fotographisch&nbsp; sowie kartographisch&nbsp; dokumentieren&nbsp; mehrere k\u00fcrzlich wiederentdeckte und&nbsp; erforschte mittelalterliche und&nbsp; neuzeitliche Bergwerke (Stollen,&nbsp; Sch\u00e4chte,&nbsp; Pingen),&nbsp; die sich in Baia Mare, bzw. in der unmittelbaren Umgebung der Stadt befinden. &nbsp;Die&nbsp; montanarch\u00e4ologischen&nbsp; Forschungen&nbsp; erg\u00e4nzen&nbsp; wesentlich&nbsp; unsere&nbsp; Kenntnisse&nbsp; \u00fcber die&nbsp; Stellen&nbsp; wo&nbsp; die Erzf\u00f6rderung stattfand, \u00fcber die Arbeitsmethoden, \u00fcber die benutzten Arbeitsger\u00e4te u.s.w.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Arh. \u015eerban POPESCU DOLJ<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Biserica-evanghelica-din-Teaca.-Cercetari-si-concepte-de-restaurare-Arh.-Serban-Popescu-Dolj.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Biserica evanghelic\u0103 din Teaca. Cercet\u0103ri \u015fi concepte de restaurare<br>L&#8217;Eglise \u00e9vang\u00e9lique de Teaca. Recherches et concepts de restauration<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae4e885028795199' value='6a32653ae4e885028795199'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae4e885028795199' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae4e885028795199' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae4e885028795199' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae4e885028795199' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">L\u2019Eglise \u00e9vang\u00e9lique de Teaca. Recherches et concepts de restauration<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">L\u2019\u00e9glise \u00e9vang\u00e9lique du village de Teaca, d\u00e9partement de Bistri\u021ba N\u0103s\u0103ud, est une basilique \u00e0 trois nerfs, sacristie,&nbsp; choir d\u00e9croch\u00e9 et abside polygonale,&nbsp; \u00e9lev\u00e9e autour de 1400,&nbsp; \u00e9tant certainement la deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9glise construite par les colons d\u2019origine bavaroise arriv\u00e9s dans la localit\u00e9 vers la fin du 12e si\u00e8cle. Peu de temps apr\u00e8s, la tour de l\u2019aile d\u2019ouest est construit et vers la fin du 15e si\u00e8cle le chorus re\u00e7oit une chapelle sur la c\u00f4te sud et on entoure l\u2019enceinte probablement en vue de la d\u00e9fense. Les portails et les fen\u00eatres de murs ext\u00e9rieurs de la nef de la tour sont d\u2019inspiration gothique. A l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, les nefs lat\u00e9rales sont couvertes d\u2019arcs sur des ogives, s\u00e9par\u00e9es de la nef centrale par quatre arcs fractur\u00e9s, sur des piliers octogonaux, la nef ayant une toile en cylindre avec des p\u00e9n\u00e9trations qui datent de 1763. En 1799 on ajoute le quatri\u00e8me niveau de la tour. Au 19e&nbsp; si\u00e8cle les nefs lat\u00e9rales re\u00e7oivent de tribunes par la construction des toiles aplaties sur des arcs en formes de poign\u00e9e de panier, soutenues par des murs ext\u00e9rieurs et les pilastres. On d\u00e9molit le mur de l\u2019enceinte et l\u2019ancienne \u00e9cole, et vers le d\u00e9but du 20e (1909 et 1929) si\u00e8cle on refait l\u2019abside. &nbsp;Le concept de restauration pr\u00e9voit la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration de l\u2019image de l\u2019\u00e9glise et de la configuration de la tour de la fin du 18e si\u00e8cle, avec la mise en \u00e9vidence des \u00e9tapes correspondantes et le marquage au sol des constructions ext\u00e9rieures. &nbsp;Les&nbsp; recherches&nbsp; arch\u00e9ologiques&nbsp; ont&nbsp; \u00e9t\u00e9&nbsp; r\u00e9alis\u00e9es&nbsp; par&nbsp; Mme&nbsp; arhg.&nbsp; Daniela&nbsp; MARCU&nbsp; ISTRATE,&nbsp; l\u2019\u00e9tude historique par M. Cornel GAIU, et la consolidation du b\u00e2timent par M. ing. Dan IONESCU.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Marius HORGA, Lucre\u0163ia GHERGAR<\/strong>I<br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Studii-mineralogice-petrografice-asupra-ceramicii-Hallstatt-M.-Horga-L.-Ghergari.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Studii mineralogice-petrografice asupra ceramicii Hallstatt de la Stupini (jud. Bistri\u0163a-N\u0103s\u0103ud)<br>Mineralogical-petrographical studies on the Hallstatt ceramics from Stupini (Bistri\u0163a-N\u0103s\u0103ud County)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a32653ae4f862052420007' value='6a32653ae4f862052420007'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a32653ae4f862052420007' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a32653ae4f862052420007' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a32653ae4f862052420007' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a32653ae4f862052420007' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Mineralogical-petrographical studies &nbsp;on the Hallstatt ceramics from Stupini (Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud County)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The paper focuses on the investigation of Hallstatt ceramics unearthed from the archaeological site Stupini (Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud&nbsp; County,&nbsp; Romania),&nbsp; by&nbsp; using&nbsp; typical geoarchaeological and&nbsp; archaeometric methods,&nbsp; such&nbsp; as mineralogical and petrographical analyses. &nbsp;The Hallstatt ceramics from Stupini can&nbsp; be classified&nbsp; as semi-fine and&nbsp; coarse.&nbsp; Based&nbsp; on&nbsp; fabric,&nbsp; it can be grouped&nbsp; into&nbsp; two&nbsp; categories.&nbsp; First category&nbsp; (representing&nbsp; most of the samples) includes ceramics with breccia-type structure.&nbsp; It is constituted&nbsp; of ceramoclasts embedded&nbsp; in&nbsp; a (sintered&nbsp; and&nbsp; partly&nbsp; vitrified) poorly arenitic,&nbsp; clayey-siltic matrix&nbsp; &#8211; corresponding&nbsp; to&nbsp; the clayey&nbsp; raw material.&nbsp; The second&nbsp; category&nbsp; (represented by&nbsp; only&nbsp; one sample) shows a greywacke-type structure (with&nbsp; &gt;15% matrix) consisting&nbsp; of arenitic-ruditic lithoclasts embedded in poorly arenitic clayey-siltic matrix. These categories point to the usage of two types of temper material: ceramoclasts, and river sand. The matrix structure varies from microcrystalline (obtained at lower firing temperatures) to amorphous (at the highest firing temperatures). Most of the samples displaying microcrystalline or mixed&nbsp; (microcrystalline-amorphous,&nbsp; and&nbsp; amorphous-microcrystalline) structures were fired&nbsp; at temperatures between&nbsp; 800-900\u00b0C.&nbsp; The ceramic sample showing&nbsp; the amorphous matrix&nbsp; underwent firing&nbsp; temperatures close to&nbsp; 950\u00b0C.&nbsp; As a rule,&nbsp; the matrix&nbsp; is randomly&nbsp; oriented; nevertheless,&nbsp; local oriented textures were noticed in the central part of the ceramic wall, or on the rim (in the case of hand-made ceramics). &nbsp;The temper used for the ceramics in the first category consists of ceramoclasts, supplemented by small amounts of lithoclasts, crystalloclasts and bioclasts originating from the clayey raw material. The studied ceramics was probably processed in a workshop located on the area of the archaeological site. This assumption is based on the local development of large amounts of suitable raw material, i.e., silty calcareous clay (probably of Sarmatian age). For the ceramics forming the second category, a different type of clay was used, while the temper material (lithoclasts and crystalloclasts) was provided by river sands. In this second case, the workshop might have been situated close to Some\u0219 River, in a location richer in volcanic rocks transported from B\u00e2rgaie area.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anul: 2011 Editor: Complexul Muzeal \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103udISSN: 1222-5096 Mihai ROTEA, Mihai WITTENBERGER, Monica TECAR, Tiberiu TECARMetalurgia epocii bronzului \u00een Transilvania: meste\u015fug, art\u0103 \u015fi magieM\u00e9tallurgie du bronze en Transylvanie: techniques, l&#8217;art et magie<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=69\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-69","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.1 - 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