{"id":67,"date":"2021-11-19T07:10:47","date_gmt":"2021-11-19T07:10:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=67"},"modified":"2022-01-14T14:27:42","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T14:27:42","slug":"2010-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=67","title":{"rendered":"2010"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:29%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-default\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2010.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-34\" width=\"355\" height=\"508\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CUPRINS-2010.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CUPRINS<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CUPRINS-2010.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button\" download>Descarc\u0103<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anul: 2010<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Editor: Complexul Muzeal <br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud<br \/>ISSN: 1222-5096<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:71%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:71%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mihai ROTEA, Monica TECAR, Tiberiu TECAR<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dona\u0163ie de artefacte provenind din situ] Wietenberg de la Der\u015fida &#8211; &#8222;Dealul lui Balota&#8221;<br>Donation of archaeological artifacts found in the Wietemberg site from Der\u0219ida &#8211; &#8222;Dealul lui Balota&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d153882011037318994' value='6a73d153882011037318994'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d153882011037318994' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d153882011037318994' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d153882011037318994' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d153882011037318994' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Donation of archaeological artifacts found in the Wietenberg site from Der\u0219ida &#8211; <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">Dealul lui Balot\u0103<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The authors display&nbsp; the contents from a donation&nbsp; of archaeological artifacts (Fig.&nbsp; 1-9) found&nbsp; in&nbsp; the Wietenberg site from Der\u0219ida-Dealul lui Balot\u0103 (Pl. 1). The donation consists in stone items (axe), ceramics (lids, cartwheels, \u201estick tips\u201d considered by authors to be, usually, spindle-whois, a spoon and a tablet) and stag horn (axes, scepter, plough). Two items present a particular feature: the tablet (Fig. 2\/2) and the scepter fragment (Fig. 4\/3).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator alignwide is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Carol KACS\u00d3<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Depozitul de bronzuri de la A\u015fchileu Mare (jud. Cluj)<br>Das Bronzedepot von A\u0219chileu Mare (Bez. Cluj)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d153884269073593109' value='6a73d153884269073593109'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d153884269073593109' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d153884269073593109' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d153884269073593109' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d153884269073593109' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Das Bronzedepot von A\u0219chileu Mare (Bez. Cluj)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Es werden&nbsp; sieben&nbsp; T\u00fcllenbeile vorgelegt,&nbsp; die sich&nbsp; fr\u00fcher in&nbsp; der Sammlung&nbsp; Endre Orosz befanden&nbsp; und z.Z.,&nbsp; zusammen&nbsp; mit anderen&nbsp; Fundst\u00fccken&nbsp; dieser Sammlung,&nbsp; im Ungarischen&nbsp; Nationalmuseum aus Budapest aufbewahrt werden. Die beiden T\u00fcllenbeile vom siebenb\u00fcrgischen Typ (Abb. 1, 1-2; 2, 1-2), die die \u00e4ltere Variante solcher Beile vertreten, stammen aus A\u0219chileu Mare und geh\u00f6ren, sehr wahrscheinlich einem Depot an. Die Depots,&nbsp; die ausschlie\u00dflich&nbsp; T\u00fcllenbeile enthalten,&nbsp; sind&nbsp; beidseits der Karpaten&nbsp; zumal den&nbsp; ersten Jahrhunderten des 1. Jahrtausends v. Chr. charakteristisch. Ihre Anzahl in der Stufe Sp\u00e4tbronzezeit 2 (ungef\u00e4hr Reinecke Bronze D) ist gar nicht beachtlich, nur 4,6 % aus der Gesamtanzahl der Depotfunde dieser Periode, laut der Statistik von T. Soroceanu und E. Lak\u00f6. Die Depots von A\u0219chileu Mare und Uroi sind die einzigen siebenb\u00fcrgischen Funde, die angeblich nur aus T\u00fcllenbeile vom siebenb\u00fcrgischen&nbsp; Typ&nbsp; bestehen.&nbsp; Evtl,&nbsp; solche Funde kamen&nbsp; auch&nbsp; in&nbsp; Sighi\u0219oara (Sch\u00e4ssburg) und Deva vor. Die T\u00fcllenbeile vom siebenb\u00fcrgischen Typ sind aber sehr gut in den gemischten Depots der Noua und Sabatinovka Bev\u00f6lkerungsgruppen vertreten, nicht selten zusammen mit den Hakensicheln. Die&nbsp; Verbreitung,&nbsp; die&nbsp; Typologie,&nbsp; die&nbsp; chronologische&nbsp; Einordnung&nbsp; und&nbsp; die&nbsp; Funktion&nbsp; der&nbsp; T\u00fclenbeile&nbsp; vom siebenb\u00fcrgischen Typ wurden mehrmals er\u00f6rtert. Im Anhang&nbsp; lege ich&nbsp; eine Liste der T\u00fcllenbeile vom siebenb\u00fcrgischen&nbsp; Typ&nbsp; vor,&nbsp; die die Fundliste von Rusu&nbsp; 1966&nbsp; f\u00fcr Siebenb\u00fcrgen&nbsp; und&nbsp; das Banat erg\u00e4nzt.&nbsp; Die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Konzentration&nbsp; der \u00e4lteren&nbsp; T\u00fcllenbeile vom siebenb\u00fcrgischen Typ, besonders die Varianten A und B nach Rusu, befinden sich, wie sich auch aus dieser Liste ergibt,&nbsp; im S\u00fcden&nbsp; und&nbsp; in&nbsp; der Mitte Siebenb\u00fcrgens.&nbsp; Relativ&nbsp; zahlreich&nbsp; sind&nbsp; solche T\u00fcllenbeile ebenfalls in Moldavien und in s\u00fcdlichen Ukraine. In diesen Territorien kamen die Mehrzahl der Depotfunde vom Typ Ruginoasa-Cara vor. Das T\u00fcllenbeil von&nbsp; Jucu&nbsp; de Jos (Abb.&nbsp; 1,&nbsp; 3; 2,&nbsp; 7) geh\u00f6rt dem Typ&nbsp; B,&nbsp; Variante B\u021b der T\u00fcllenbeile mit halbmondf\u00f6rmigem Rand an, laut der von mir 2007 publizierten Typologie. Dieser Typ ordnet sich chronologisch in die Stufen Sp\u00e4tbronzezeit 2 und 3 ein. Das T\u00fcllenbeil von Corne\u0219ti (Abb. 1,4; 2, 3) wurde, laut der Information von Endre Orosz, 1898 zusammen mit anderen Bronzest\u00fccken in der Flur V\u00e2rfalvi als\u00f4-l\u00e2b entdeckt. Nach anderen Angaben kam das Depot von Corne\u0219ti 1887, \u00een der Flur Kertmege ans Licht. Heute ist schon unm\u00f6glich zu pr\u00e4zisieren, ob die Bronzest\u00fccke von &nbsp;Corne\u0219ti,&nbsp; die in&nbsp; verschiedene \u00f6fentliche oder private Sammlungen&nbsp; gelangten,&nbsp; einem einheitlichen&nbsp; Fund zuzuschreiben&nbsp; sind.&nbsp; Die von&nbsp; Corne\u0219ti publizierten&nbsp; Bronzeartefakte datieren&nbsp; sich&nbsp; in&nbsp; eine l\u00e4ngere Zeitspanne (die Stufen Sp\u00e4tbronzezeit 3 und 4). Die meisten Analogien des T\u00fcllenbeiles aus der Orosz-Sammlung gliedern sich in die Stufe Sp\u00e4tbronzezeit 3 ein. Die T\u00fcllenbeile von Gherla-Umgebung (Abb. 1, 5; 2, 4), Sic (Abb. 1, 6; 2, 5), bzw jenes entdeckt zwischen A\u0219chileu Mic und A\u0219chileu Mare (Abb. 1, 7; 2, 6) sind j\u00fcnger und datieren sich in die Stufe Hallstatt B. Da sie Einzelfunde sind, ist ihre genauere Datierung problematisch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator alignwide is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>George G. MARINESCU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vestigii hallstattiene timpurii \u015fi mijlocii din nord-estul Transilvaniei<br>Vestiges d&#8217;Hallstatt precoce et moyen du Nord-est de la Transylvanie<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d153885559056967384' value='6a73d153885559056967384'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d153885559056967384' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d153885559056967384' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d153885559056967384' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d153885559056967384' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Vestiges d\u2019Hallstatt pr\u00e9coce et moyen du Nord-est de la Transylvanie<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Dans l\u2019\u00e9laboration du r\u00e9pertoire arch\u00e9ologique concernant les d\u00e9couvertes de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9poque du fer (Ha B-C), Xe-VIIe&nbsp; A.C. si\u00e8cles, de cette aire g\u00e9ographique, nous nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 pour une pr\u00e9sentation d\u00e9taill\u00e9e &nbsp;(l\u2019historique de la d\u00e9couverte,&nbsp; la structure,&nbsp; la valeur documentaire,&nbsp; l\u2019encadrement culturel et chronologique), par l\u2019offre du plus grand nombre des renseignements relatives \u00e0 la topographie et \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte elle-m\u00eame. Pendant la pr\u00e9sentation&nbsp; des d\u00e9couvertes nous avons accord\u00e9 une attention&nbsp; aigu\u00eb aux&nbsp; points topographiques o\u00f9&nbsp; des recherches arch\u00e9ologiques syst\u00e9matiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites (chantiers,&nbsp; sondages,&nbsp; observations de terrain d\u00e9taill\u00e9es) ou&nbsp; aux&nbsp; d\u00e9couvertes isol\u00e9es qui ont une grande importance arch\u00e9ologique (chronologique ou&nbsp; de documentation scientifique). Dans le r\u00e9pertoire, nous avons retenu \u00e9galement des d\u00e9couvertes moins connues ou in\u00e9dites, qui \u00e0 cette occasion sont analys\u00e9es de fa\u00e7on unitaire et pour la premi\u00e8re fois introduites dans le discours scientifique. Le r\u00e9pertoire comprend 99 localit\u00e9s avec leur points topologiques aff\u00e9rents, plac\u00e9es sur les territoire des actuels d\u00e9partements de Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud, le Nord-Est du d\u00e9partement de Cluj et le Nord-Ouest de d\u00e9partement de Mure\u0219, dans une pr\u00e9sentation d\u00e9taill\u00e9e des d\u00e9couvertes de la p\u00e9riode nomm\u00e9e, connu jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent dans cette aire g\u00e9ographique. Le r\u00e9pertoire se veut un instrument de travail, sujet \u00e0 des permanentes modifications dues aux&nbsp; nouveaux&nbsp; recherches scientifiques et aux&nbsp; nouveaux&nbsp; d\u00e9couvertes arch\u00e9ologiques qui viennent enrichir le tr\u00e9sor pr\u00e9sent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Paul PUPEZ\u0102<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ceramica daco-getic\u0103 din interiorul arcului Carpatic (sf\u00e2r\u015fitul sec. III a. Chr. -\u00eenceputul sec. 1 a. Chr.)<br>The Daco-Getian pottery inside the Carpathian Basin (end of the 3rd century BC- beginning of the 1st century BC)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d153886541062060792' value='6a73d153886541062060792'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d153886541062060792' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d153886541062060792' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d153886541062060792' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d153886541062060792' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">The Daco-Getian pottery inside the Carpathian Basin &nbsp;(end of the 3rd century BC &#8211; beginning of the 1st century BC)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The period from late 3rd century BC to the early lsl century BC is a real dark age of the Daco-Getian history, &nbsp;an era of transition from the golden age of Getian aristocracy (5th &#8211; 3rd centuries BC] to the silver kingdom of the &nbsp;Dacians (lsl century BC &#8211; 1st century AD). Although sites with archaeological discoveries not missing (Pl. I), &nbsp;the relevant pottery material for general chronology and typology is missing. Among pottery types are double truncated con cups (Pl. II, III), small cups (Pl. IV\/1-5, 7), simple cups ((Pl. IV\/11, 14, 15), strainers ((Pl. IV\/6, 8-10, 12, 13, 16), bowls (Pl. VI-VIII), fruit bowls (Pl. V), double truncated vessels (Pl. IX) and jars (Pl. X-XII). The vessels were made both by hand and wheel, with fine or coarse paste. Among the ceramic forms mentioned none is specified only to our study period. Some will not continue after the middle of the lsl century BC (the &nbsp;cup with handle raised, the bowl with invasion rim, the vessel with a cylindrical neck), other, new types that appear during the 2nd century BC, will continue to exist in the following periods (the dacian cup, the fruit bowl, the jar). Geographically, the vessels with cylindrical necks, the early dacian cup or strainers, are just a few inside the Carpathian Basin in these period. &nbsp;Celtic disappearance from the Carpathian Basin in the late 2nd&nbsp; century BC, followed by the rising of the Dacians, has an echo in the pottery finds. The period represents a turning point, visible in the geographical redistribution of significant sites in the area and in the appearance\/disappearance of certain types of vessels, ornamental motives, making techniques or burning technology.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dumitru PROTASE<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fragmente din dou\u0103 diplome militare romane descoperite \u00een Dacia Porolissensis <br>Quelques fragments de deux dipl\u00e2mes militaires romains decouverts en Dacia Porolissensis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d1538874b9004128884' value='6a73d1538874b9004128884'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d1538874b9004128884' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d1538874b9004128884' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d1538874b9004128884' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d1538874b9004128884' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Quelques fragments de deux dipl\u00f4mes militaires romains d\u00e9couverts &nbsp;en Dacia Porolissensis<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Ces fragments de dipl\u00f4mes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts pendant les fouilles arch\u00e9ologiques ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es dans le camp d\u2019a\/a I Tungrorum Frontoniana (l\u2019antique Arcobadara), situ\u00e9 sur le limes nordique de la Dacie Porolissensis, dans le territoire actuel du village Ili\u0219ua (d\u00e9p. Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud). Les fragments du premier dipl\u00f4me, au nombre de cinque (fig. 1-2) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9s dans le praetorium, en l\u2019an 1988, mais les autres trois appartenances au deuxi\u00e8me, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis au Jour en 1991, dans la praetentura dextra. &nbsp;Par les surnoms [cognomina] des t\u00e9moins restes sur les fragments r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9s,&nbsp; la d\u00e9livrance de deux dipl\u00f4mes peut \u00eatre dat\u00e9e durant le r\u00e8gne de 1\u2019Antoninus Pius, approximativement au 16 &#8211; \u00e9me jour du moins de mai des ann\u00e9es 148-154 (le premier) et pendant les ans 145-146 (le deuxi\u00e8me). Il faut noter que ces sont les fragments de seuls dipl\u00f4mes militaires d\u00e9couverts jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent dans ce camp romain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>D\u00e1vid PETRU\u0162, Silvia MUSTA\u0162\u0102<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The iconography of the waiting servants depicted on funerary reliefs from Roman Dacia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d153888441022928080' value='6a73d153888441022928080'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d153888441022928080' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d153888441022928080' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d153888441022928080' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d153888441022928080' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">V. Conclusions<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The analysis of the waiting servant depictions on the funerary monuments from Roman Dacia strikes from the start by the lack of iconographical unity in comparison with other parts of the Empire72. With the exception &nbsp;of the representations with jug and napkin which are quite frequent and prove certain coherence, the rest are the result of mixing distinct elements from different iconographical types. Also, the presence of the napkin and the bent arm of the servant holding its end seem to be the most common \u201cmarks\u201d of the Dacian waiting servant. Taking&nbsp; into&nbsp; consideration&nbsp; the meaning&nbsp; of these representations,&nbsp; it can&nbsp; be assumed&nbsp; that,&nbsp; especially concerning&nbsp; the sole representations,&nbsp; they&nbsp; are a symbol of the funerary&nbsp; banquet and&nbsp; their carving&nbsp; in&nbsp; stone remains as a constant reminder of that symbolic practice. No unilateral view can be adopted regarding their symbolism inside the funerary banquet scenes. K. M. D. Dunbabin stressed on the importance of understanding the funerary&nbsp; banquet through&nbsp; its multiple meanings.&nbsp; The longevity&nbsp; of the motif and&nbsp; its dispersion&nbsp; between people of different cultural background&nbsp; pleads against a unitary&nbsp; interpretation.&nbsp; Each&nbsp; individual was free to interpret the scenes according to his or hers cultural values. <br><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sorin COCI\u015e, Corneliu GAIU, Radu Z\u0102GREANU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fibule romane din Dacia intracarpatic\u0103 <br>Roman Brooches from Intra-Carpathian Dacia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d153889205090869284' value='6a73d153889205090869284'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d153889205090869284' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d153889205090869284' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d153889205090869284' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d153889205090869284' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Roman Brooches from Infra-Carpathian Dacia<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">In this study, the authors present 34 brooches in all. There are 11 types of brooches: I. Strongly profiled brooches (pl. 1\/1-8); II. Norico-Pannonian Brooches with Knobs (pl. 1\/9); III. Knee brooches (pl. 1\/10-11; 11\/12- 16); IV. Anchor brooches, (pl. 11\/17-18); V. Trumpet Brooches (pl. 11\/19-20); VI. Penannular Brooches (pl. II\/ 21- 22); VII Brooches of Sarmatian Type (pl. II\/ 23- 24); VIII Crossbow Brooches, (pl. III\/25); IX. Brooches with returned foot (pl. III\/26-27); X. T- shaped brooches (pl. III\/28-33); XI Tongs Shaped Brooches (pl. III\/34).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Corneliu GAIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Opai\u0163ele ceramice de la Arcobadara<br>Les Lampes en terre cuite d&#8217;Arcobadara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d15388a1b0007182658' value='6a73d15388a1b0007182658'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d15388a1b0007182658' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d15388a1b0007182658' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d15388a1b0007182658' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d15388a1b0007182658' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Les Lampes en terre cuite d\u2019Arcobadara<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Les recherches arch\u00e9ologiques entreprises \u00e0 Ili\u0219ua sur le limes du&nbsp; Nord&nbsp; de la province de Dacie, identifi\u00e9e \u00e9pigraphiquement avec l\u2019ancienne Arcobadara, ont conduit) la d\u00e9couverte, entre autres, d\u2019un&nbsp; significatif d\u00e9p\u00f4t d\u2019outils d\u2019illumination. A ceux&nbsp; d\u00e9couverts en&nbsp; 1978, d\u00e9tenus par le Mus\u00e9e de Bistri\u021ba on&nbsp; a joint \u00e9galement les pi\u00e8ces connues par les fouilles r\u00e9alis\u00e9es au XIXe si\u00e8cle par Carol Torma, offertes au Mus\u00e9e de Cluj. &nbsp;Les pi\u00e8ces s\u2019inscrivent dans des types bien&nbsp; connus produites dans les centres traditionnels italiques ou les provinces, apport\u00e9es par les troupes ou&nbsp; par l\u2019importation, d\u2019autres \u00e9tant produites par des officines locales. Certains fumignons pouvaient \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9s m\u00eame dans les ateliers d\u2019Arcobadara, o\u00f9 \u00e0 part les fours on a retrouv\u00e9 des presses, des pon\u00e7ons et des tampons des artisans locaux, sans avoir d\u00e9couvert jusque l\u00e0 des presses pour le modelage des lampes qui les attesteraient directement. &nbsp;Selon&nbsp; la&nbsp; technique&nbsp; de&nbsp; production,&nbsp; celles&nbsp; de&nbsp; Ili\u0219ua&nbsp; ont&nbsp; \u00e9t\u00e9&nbsp; faites&nbsp; \u00e0&nbsp; la &nbsp;roue&nbsp; ou&nbsp; au&nbsp; moule.&nbsp; Dans&nbsp; la&nbsp; premi\u00e8re cat\u00e9gorie,&nbsp; on&nbsp; rencontre&nbsp; certaines&nbsp; exemplaires&nbsp; au&nbsp; bassin&nbsp; rond&nbsp; et&nbsp; \u00e0&nbsp; l\u2019orifice&nbsp; large&nbsp; (no&nbsp; 2-7),&nbsp; appartenant&nbsp; \u00e0&nbsp; la cat\u00e9gorie dite de \u00ablampes \u00e0 suif\u00bb&nbsp; (84, 88). Les plus nombreuses sont celles au&nbsp; moule. Typologiquement, on conna\u00eet: lampes \u00e0 bec triangulaire et \u00e0 volutes (no&nbsp; 1), qui date de d\u00e9but de IIe si\u00e8cle; lampes \u00e0 corps rond&nbsp; et &nbsp;bec cordiforme (no. 9&nbsp; &#8211; 14); lampes \u00e0 canal ouvert du&nbsp; type Firmalompen, nombreuses portent l\u2019estampille: APOLAVST (1), CASSI (1), FESTI (2), FAVOR (1), FORTIS (14), OCTAVI (1), RARIUS (1). Il s\u2019agit d\u2019ateliers nord-italiques, qui \u00e9taiant en&nbsp; pleine activit\u00e9 au&nbsp; II-\u00e9m\u00e9 et III-\u00e9m\u00e9 si\u00e8cles. Une partie des lampes pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es sont des produits originaux d\u2019importation, d\u2019autres sont des copies ou imitations provinciales des lampes originales.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Horea MO\u015eNEAG<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Contribu\u0163ii la istoria sportului \u00een Dacia Roman\u0103. Despre propaganda pentru luptele de gladiatori \u015fi v\u00e2n\u0103toare \u00een amfiteatru<br>Contributions ta the History of Sport in Roman Dacia. About propaganda for gladiatorial battles and hunting in the amphitheater<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d15388b3b1013481366' value='6a73d15388b3b1013481366'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d15388b3b1013481366' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d15388b3b1013481366' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d15388b3b1013481366' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d15388b3b1013481366' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Contributions to the History of Sport in Roman Dacia. <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">About propaganda for gladiatorial battles and hunting in the amphitheater<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Considering both the manifold representations of gladiators (caricatures engraved or scratched into various artifacts, statues, figurines, images impressed on crockery, rush lights etc. &#8211; Langner 2001; Weeber 1994 etc.) and the establishment of the fact that all these are part of the Roman state policy to use sports as entertainment for the people (Weeber 1994, passim; Landes et alii 1990; 1994), the author (H. Mo\u0219neag) attempts with the present paper to compare the spread of data regarding gladiators and from arena hunters and what can be established now for the Dacian provinces. <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">Empire following the presentation of images accounting for the brief time-scale of coliseum occurrence. <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8211; Figure 1 &#8211; and the gladiator fights within the Empire (figurines, representations on monuments, caricatures etc.) &#8211; Figures 2-6, the author sets forth a compilation of this type of discoveries throught the territory of Dacia. <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8211; Figures 8-15 &#8211; and an image of their spread across Dacia &#8211; Figure 7. <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">The author concludes that, even in the current stage of knowledge, it can be stated that the same types of gladiator and arena hunter representations occur in Dacia, engraved into stone monuments, various artifacts or impressed, scratched and ripped into ceramic ware. Therefore, the Empire conducted the same entertainment policy for the masses in Dacia, particularly with towns or important military centers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nicolae GUDEA<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntnis des sp\u00e4tr\u00f6mischen Heers (4. Jahrhundert)<br>1. Waffen f\u00fcr den Fernkampf aus den Wehranlagen an der Nordgrenze von Dacia Ripensis                                                       Contributions to the Knowledge of the Late Roman Army (4th century) 1.Weapons for distance fighting in the fortiftcations an the northern border of Dacia Ripensis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d15388cc59016696468' value='6a73d15388cc59016696468'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d15388cc59016696468' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d15388cc59016696468' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d15388cc59016696468' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d15388cc59016696468' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Contributions to the Knowledge of the Late Roman Army (4th century) 1.Waeponsfor distance fighting in the fortifications on the northern border of Dacia Ripensis<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The author drew together works about the fortifications and the Late Roman army of Dacia Ripensis (275- 390). Fig. 1-2. weapons for distance fight: bow elements, ballista elements an spear head as well as heavy and light arrow heads. On the north border of the province Dacia Ripensis there were 45 fortifications (quadriburgia, old rebuilt camps, fortified towns, towers etc.), but until now studied weapons are coming from seven of them: Donje Butorka (1), Or\u0219ova (4), Tekija (14), Milutinovac (2), Hinova (36), Rtkovo (7), Kula (19) and Celei (5), Fig. 3. The weapons have been devided into three groups: I. spear heads, II. heavy arrow heads; III. light arrow heads. Within each group the author proposed a certain typology according to the shape of the blade (head), sizes of the shaft and ways of fixing (butt spike). Three groups have been drawn up: 1. large and medium spearheads; willow leaf, pear leaf and rhomboidal shaped blade; with butt spike and spike-rods. Fig. 4; 2. The heavy arrow heads were also grouped according to size into large and medium pieces; with pyramidal shaped blade; with butt spike and spike\u00ad rods. Fig. 21; 3. all light arrow heads are of small dimensions (up to 5,00 cm total length); the form of the blade being varied (leaf form, pyramidal form, rhomboidal shaped; with butt spike and spike-rods). Fig. 22. The present typology has been drawn up on the basis of a reduced number of up to now known pieces, it will undergo improvement when more pieces are known. The comparison with the Late Roman weapons for certainly dated 4 th century fortifications on other late Roman border sections as Vemania (Raetia II) or Gornea (Moesia 1) suggests that this typology constitutes a serious basis for the knowledge of the Late Roman weapons.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vasile M\u0102RCULE\u0162<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-10.pdf\">As\u0103ne\u015fti i- domniile \u015fi mor\u0163ile lor violente<br>Les assenides -les regnes et leurs morts violentes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d15388dc60034054801' value='6a73d15388dc60034054801'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d15388dc60034054801' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d15388dc60034054801' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d15388dc60034054801' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d15388dc60034054801' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Les ass\u00e9nides &#8211; les r\u00e9gn\u00e9s et leurs morts violentes<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">La r\u00e9volte des Blaques et des Bulgares, \u00e9clat\u00e9e pendant l\u2019automne de l\u2019an 1185, sous la direction des \u00e9lites blaques, les fr\u00e8res Pierre et Assen, s\u2019achevait avec la constitution entre les Montagnes Balkans et le Danube du Tzarat Blaque-Bulgare (env. 1187\/1188), la premi\u00e8re manifestation de l\u2019Etat de la romanit\u00e9 orientale. Entre env. 1187\/1188 et 1256, le tr\u00f4ne blaque-bulgare a \u00e9t\u00e9 occup\u00e9 par des 8 souverains de la dynastie blaque des Ass\u00e9nides. En plan externe, le Tzarat Blaque-Bulgare s\u2019est trouv\u00e9 presque tout le temps en conflit arm\u00e9 avec les pouvoirs voisins, catholiques &#8211; l\u2019Empire Latin de Constantinople et la Hongrie &#8211; et orthodoxes &#8211; L\u2019Empire Byzantin ou l\u2019Empire Greque de Nic\u00e9e, et en plan interne, la lutte pour le pouvoir au sein de la famille a \u00e9t\u00e9 acerbe, r\u00e9alit\u00e9 accentu\u00e9e aussi du fait que parmi les 8 souverains d\u2019origine blaque, 6 ont achev\u00e9 leur r\u00e8gnes violement, \u00e9loign\u00e9s du pouvoir ou assassin\u00e9s par des proches parents (l\u2019un aveugle &#8211; Boril Assen &#8211; et cinq &#8211; Assen, Pierre, Coloman I Assen, Michel Assen et Coloman II Assen &#8211; assassin\u00e9s), l\u2019un &#8211; Joannice Assen &#8211; est mort en conditions obscures, qui n\u2019\u00e9liminent pas l\u2019assassinat, et seulement un &#8211; Jean Assen II &#8211; est mort, avec certitude, de mort naturelle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mihaela Sanda SALONTAI<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ruina de la Rodna<br>The Medieval Ruins at Rodna<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d15388ed62005481481' value='6a73d15388ed62005481481'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d15388ed62005481481' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d15388ed62005481481' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d15388ed62005481481' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d15388ed62005481481' ><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">The Medieval Ruins at Rodna<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Within&nbsp; the building&nbsp; complex&nbsp; of the greek-catholic church&nbsp; at Rodna (Bistrita-Nasaud&nbsp; County) lay&nbsp; the remains of the medieval parish church, consisting of a ruined tower and a fragment of the nave\u2019s western wall. The ruins underwent some conservation works in the early 20th century and were object of an archaeological survey in 1955, which revealed three periods of construction. The main phase was identified as belonging to a 13th century basilica with the choir joined by two chambers, followed by a reconstruction materialized in a lesser nave. Unfortunately, the archaeological investigation did not consider the constructive relation between the eccentric tower and the basilica, in order to determine whether they belonged to the same phase, or not. Judging from the representations rendered by visual documents dating back to 19lh century, one can assume that the present ruins display two building phases, e.g. the 13th century structures featured by the tower, and the reconstruction&nbsp; embodied&nbsp; by&nbsp; the church\u2019s western&nbsp; wall.&nbsp; The rib&nbsp; fragment rendered&nbsp; by&nbsp; architect Rudolf Wagner in&nbsp; his 1923&nbsp; record,&nbsp; shows a similar profile with&nbsp; those of the dominican&nbsp; nunnery&nbsp; founded&nbsp; by&nbsp; the Hungarian royal family on Margaret Island and consecrated in 1259. It is to presume a close bond between the two workshops, view that Rodna was a royal mining town during the Middle Ages and most likely the queen was patron of the parish church until 1440, when the domain of Rodna was donated to the Jakes of Kusal family.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gabriela R\u0102DULESCU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Biserica evanghelic\u0103 din T\u0103rpiu, jud. Bistri\u0163a N\u0103s\u0103ud. Cercet\u0103ri arheologice.<br>T\u0103rpiu Evangelical Church, Bistri\u0163a N\u0103s\u0103ud County. Archaeological Research.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d15388fb94076260020' value='6a73d15388fb94076260020'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d15388fb94076260020' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d15388fb94076260020' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d15388fb94076260020' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d15388fb94076260020' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">T\u0103rpiu Evangelical Church, Bistri\u021ba N\u0103s\u0103ud County. Archaeological Research<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The archaeological investigation&nbsp; of the Evangelical church&nbsp; from T\u0103rpiu,&nbsp; Bistri\u021ba N\u0103s\u0103ud&nbsp; County&nbsp; was performed in the framework of the restoration project focused on this later Gothic monument from north-east Transylvania,&nbsp; a spectacular village church &nbsp;in&nbsp; the region.&nbsp; Archaeological excavations evidenced&nbsp; pre-existing frameworks for the current monument and allowed the identification of the main construction stages. &nbsp;In&nbsp; 1977,&nbsp; the first archaeological probing&nbsp; was related&nbsp; to&nbsp; the begining&nbsp; of the initiative concerning&nbsp; the monument\u2019s restoration and the emergency intervention that had saved, for more than 15 years, the building &#8211; then facing severe deterioration. Even if, under the given circumstances, the research work was limited, several pieces of information on the region\u2019s stratigraphy were retrieved, and the hypothesis of pre-existing construction stages could be stated. When the Historical Monuments Direction has been dissolved, the restoration work and the archaeological investigations to this building were also stopped. Finally, when the restoration works were resumed in the \u201890es, the systematic research of the Evangelical church from T\u0103rpiu could be performed. T\u0103rpiu&nbsp; (Germ.Treppen,&nbsp; Hung.&nbsp; Ssz\u00e4szt\u00f6rpeny) locality&nbsp; is emplaced&nbsp; in&nbsp; north-eastern&nbsp; Transylvanian&nbsp; area that was colonised&nbsp; by&nbsp; Germans; it is located&nbsp; at only&nbsp; 12&nbsp; km away&nbsp; from Bistri\u021ba municipality.&nbsp; The arrival of the German colonists in this area probably took place at the end of XIIth &#8211; beginning of XIIIlh centuries. &nbsp;Administratively, during the Middle Ages, this locality was part of Bistri\u021ba District. Undoubtedly, the proximity of this town has positively influenced the economic, as well as the urbanistic development of the locality. &nbsp;Geomorphologically, T\u0103rpiu belongs to the Valea Rosua Depression, which is outlined by Bistri\u021ba Hills. &nbsp;The locality was mentioned in historical documents relatively late; the first mention is to be found in the Registele de dijme papale fEng. Pope&#8217;s Tax Records) emitted between 1332-1335, where it is mentioned under the accounts of the Tylegd&nbsp; and&nbsp; D\u00c2B\u00c2CA archidioceses.&nbsp; Under these circumstances,&nbsp; the name of the vicar Petrus from T\u0103rpiu (de Cupinio) is indicated, who in those times was contributing with a large amount, i.e. a mark according to the Alba weight standard. It is remarkable that the amounts contributed by T\u0103rpiu vicariate are close to the total sum contributed by the plebeians from Bistri\u021ba. &nbsp;According to its blueprint, the monument in T\u0103rpiu can be assigned to the group of hall-type churches lacking the western tower. It was constituted as a fortified church with an inner yard proper that included a tower, similarly to the Evangelic church from Lechin\u021ba. The inner wall, reinforced during the Middle Ages with the gate tower along the northern side, is still standing, in part, as well as the gate tower. &nbsp;For a rural community, the stone-built construction is impressive as sizes are concerned; it consists of a nave and a polygonal sanctuary (with two bays, one rectangular and one polygonal ending in three sides). The chancel consists of two bays, one rectangular and one polygonal, ending in three sides. The bays are cross, pointed-arched,&nbsp; the arches intersecting&nbsp; in&nbsp; keystones decorated&nbsp; with&nbsp; shields.&nbsp; The choir vault are supported by conical or polygonal consoles, richly articulated by a succession of profiles. Along its northern side, the chancel is connected to a vestry, while on its northern side to a staircase tower. The broken arch-shaped portal of the vestry shows a simple profile. Along the northern side of the quire a Gothic tabernacle with rectangular opening&nbsp; is present,&nbsp; framed&nbsp; by&nbsp; two&nbsp; thin&nbsp; columns and&nbsp; a crowning&nbsp; consisting&nbsp; of a brace arch&nbsp; decorated&nbsp; with leaves. Tabernacle is decorated with a relief representing Christ. Beneath the figure of Christ, on the lintel an engraving reads the year 1504. It is a late Gothic tabernacle. The nave consists of two bays with stellate vaults supported by overlapping semicolumnar pilasters, by brackets decorated&nbsp; with&nbsp; standing&nbsp; lions &#8211; in&nbsp; the corners facing&nbsp; the triumphal arch,&nbsp; and&nbsp; respectively,&nbsp; in&nbsp; the south-western&nbsp; corned&nbsp; with&nbsp; a relatively&nbsp; flat antiquated,&nbsp; phytomorphous human&nbsp; mask.&nbsp; As in&nbsp; the case of the portal of the tower from the fortified courtyard, the brackets with lions were intended to guard the entrance towards the quire, and respectively to the churches\u2019 cemetery. The separating arches are supported by pilasters finalized&nbsp; by&nbsp; semicolumns ending&nbsp; with&nbsp; capitals outlined&nbsp; by&nbsp; talons located&nbsp; in-between&nbsp; the listels.&nbsp; The vault system of the nave outlines two&nbsp; bays.&nbsp; The separation&nbsp; is achieved&nbsp; through&nbsp; the two&nbsp; pilasters located&nbsp; at the middle of the northern and southern walls in order to support the vault. A special place in the architecture of the nave is represented by the pulpit. Its emplacement should mark the end of the construction stage. Light enters the church through five Gothic-type bipartite windows located on the southern side &#8211; two in the nave and three in the chancel. These are high windows, worked in detail, with slender mullions; the upper part is decorated with flamboyant and polylobed moldings . The sixth window, still realized in Gothic style, is located on the western fa\u00e7ade and it provides light to the rostrum. As compared to the previous ones, it is shorter and tripartite, but the decoration is similar, with flamboyant moldings. Along&nbsp; the western&nbsp; fa\u00e7ade,&nbsp; a portal in&nbsp; broken&nbsp; arch&nbsp; with&nbsp; reverse profiles towards the doors\u2019 interior is noticeable; it is decorated with a keystone showing a heraldic coat of arms. On its external side, the portal is framed by a curly arc that continues in the lower part with a vegetal decoration represented by a simplified creeping stem. On the top of the portal, a short tripartite window showing late Gothic moldings was inserted in order to illuminate the rostrum. &nbsp;On&nbsp; the south&nbsp; facade is a Renaissance portal with&nbsp; rectangular decorated&nbsp; stone frame with&nbsp; rods turned inwards at the bottom. The northern fa\u00e7ade is perfectly concatenated with the southern one; it reproduces the portal with&nbsp; Renaissance-type profile,&nbsp; however here the windows are missing.&nbsp; The fa\u00e7ades of the church are articulated&nbsp; with&nbsp; slightly&nbsp; stepwise abutments,&nbsp; which&nbsp; logically&nbsp; follow the internal supporting&nbsp; elements of the vaults, i.e. three along each side of the nave and one in each of the corners of the chancel, except the northern side of the latter, where they are replaced by the vestry. &nbsp;The church from T\u0103rpiu is a monument characterising the transition from the Gothic to the Renaissance styles that is remarkable by the precision of the architectural, sculptural and pictural details. &nbsp;Research work inside the present-day church allowed us to draw a coherent and inedited picture on the construction activities in T\u0103rpiu from the end of the XIIIlh&nbsp; century to the first decades of the XVIlh&nbsp; century. The &nbsp;stratigraphic&nbsp; situation&nbsp; revealed&nbsp; by&nbsp; the&nbsp; current&nbsp; investigations&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; chancel&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; nave&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; present-day monument has documented intense constructing activities in this space spanning the whole Middle Ages. The investigations on the chancel evidenced two phases prior to the construction of the current monument, recognized due to the identified in situ foundations that belong to some older buildings. The first phase is represented by a chancel ending with an apse identified based on the in situ foundation. It was not possible to recognize the blueprint of this first church that has functioned on the site of the current monument,&nbsp; because the only&nbsp; remaining&nbsp; vestiges are represented&nbsp; by&nbsp; the foundation&nbsp; of this chancel with&nbsp; a semicircular ending. The foundation is preserved fully only along the eastern side (semicircular apse) and partly along&nbsp; the northern&nbsp; one,&nbsp; being&nbsp; cross-cut by&nbsp; a construction&nbsp; representing&nbsp; the second&nbsp; phase in&nbsp; the construction activities from the church in T\u0103rpiu. This is the first churches choir that worked here. The second phase in the building activities from T\u0103rpiu is represented by a rectangular chancel, which has been already mentioned, proved by the in situ identified foundation. The foundations of the rectangular chancel enclose the semicircular foundation intersecting it along the southern and northern sides. The southern side of this second phase chancel is leaning against the foundation of the southern side of the current chancel, while the northern side is partly overlapped by the foundation of the current chancel.It is worthy to mention that we have identified also a fragment of the altar table corresponding to this second phase; it consists of a masonry piece consisting of broken stone embedded in mortar that overlays a small portion&nbsp; of the foundation&nbsp; of the semicircular apse.&nbsp; We have also&nbsp; identified&nbsp; the stepping&nbsp; level of this second,&nbsp; rectangular chancel: two&nbsp; fragments of brick&nbsp; flooring&nbsp; have been&nbsp; identified&nbsp; along&nbsp; the northern&nbsp; and southern sides of the rectangular chancel.Within the current vestry, we have also identified the in situ foundation of the old vestry, corresponding to&nbsp; the second&nbsp; phase.&nbsp; When&nbsp; we have drawn&nbsp; the outline of the church&nbsp; with&nbsp; rectangular chancel,&nbsp; we could notice that this second phase is represented by a hall-type church consisting of a rectangular chancel, a vestry along the northern side and a single nave. The foundation walls of this nave are, at their turn, leaning agains the foundations of the current nave.&nbsp; They&nbsp; have been&nbsp; identified&nbsp; on&nbsp; small distances,&nbsp; in&nbsp; two&nbsp; of the sections through the present-day nave; however, the imprint of the ditch used for their systematic demolishing could be followed. The western wall of this second church could not be identified; it probably is located in the area of the pillars that support the current rostrum (an area disturbed during its construction). This older church had a vaulted rectangular chancel. In the south-eastern corner and in its southern median side, in situ stones were identified, which probably represented the bases of some columns. &nbsp;The chronological assignment of this construction was possible due to the fact that the thin mortar layer on&nbsp; one of these stony&nbsp; bases (the one already&nbsp; mentioned&nbsp; from the median&nbsp; area of the southern&nbsp; side of the chancel) contained&nbsp; a coin&nbsp; minted&nbsp; in&nbsp; Ragusa after 1372-1421; the coin&nbsp; could&nbsp; have been&nbsp; placed&nbsp; there when the rectangular chancel was built. We can state, accordingly, that this second church was erected in the last decades of the XIVlh century. &nbsp;The investigations in&nbsp; the inner space of the current church&nbsp; evidenced&nbsp; that the stratigraphy&nbsp; is disturbed by several successive burials that took place in both the nave and the chancel of the present-day monument. In spite of that,&nbsp; their oldest level could&nbsp; be identified; it is represented&nbsp; by&nbsp; dislocated,&nbsp; slightly deepened into the clay tombs, preserving fragments of human bones and wood rests but only very rarely whole skeletons in anatomic position.&nbsp; In&nbsp; the few locations where undisturbed&nbsp; skeletons could&nbsp; be identified,&nbsp; no&nbsp; archaeological material was present that would have allowed dating these burials. This situation is the result of the numerous successive burials and of the intense construction activities in this place. During&nbsp; the&nbsp; construction&nbsp; works&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; present-day&nbsp; monument,&nbsp; fragments&nbsp; from&nbsp; older&nbsp; walls&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; second phase have been preserved in the area of the triumphal arch. Archaeological research&nbsp; conducted&nbsp; outside the church&nbsp; have provided&nbsp; information&nbsp; on&nbsp; its fortification system and&nbsp; on&nbsp; the stratigraphy&nbsp; of the area under study.&nbsp; The investigated&nbsp; sections allowed&nbsp; us to&nbsp; outline the plan of the stone enclosure; thus, it can be stated that, following the local particularities of the ground, the construction is relatively oval in shape, and it gets very close to the south-western corner of the present-day church. The studied sections along the southern side of the monument have permitted the in situ identification of the foundations of the enclosing walls. &nbsp;Additionally, investigations in the area of the current tower, located on the northern side of the precincts allowed identifying rests of some previous stages of the fortifications system. One of the oldest buildings in the area of the current tower is represented by a 7,50 m. long rectangular construction with abutments that is overlapped by the south-eastern corner of the above-mentioned tower and cross-cut by the precinct wall. We have in situ identified foundations of this building. Even if its northern side is cross-cut by the precinct wall, we could determine a 4 m. thickness for the width of the construction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nicolae SAB\u0102U<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Epigrafe populare s\u0103se\u015fti din zona Bistri\u0163ei.<br>Volkst\u00fcmliche siebenb\u00fcrgisch-s\u00e4chsische Epigraphe aus der Bistritzer Gegend<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d153891487023728443' value='6a73d153891487023728443'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d153891487023728443' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d153891487023728443' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d153891487023728443' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d153891487023728443' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Volkst\u00fcmliche siebenb\u00fcrgisch-s\u00e4chsische Epigraphe aus der Bistritzer Gegend<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Der Verfasser, der an dem 1991 gestarteten Programm der Inventarisierung des siebenb\u00fcrgisch-s\u00e4chsischei Patrimoniums aus Siebenb\u00fcrgen&nbsp; teilnahm,&nbsp; ver\u00f6ffentlicht in&nbsp; seiner Abhandlung&nbsp; einen&nbsp; Teil des \u00e4u\u00dfers reichhaltigen&nbsp; Materials,&nbsp; das die Erforschung&nbsp; der 36&nbsp; Ortschaften&nbsp; der Deutschen&nbsp; aus dem N\u00f6snerland&nbsp; bietet ein&nbsp; bisher leider unver\u00f6ffentlicht gebliebenes Material.&nbsp; Das vom Thema angestrebte Ziel bestand&nbsp; darin,&nbsp; die Inschriften&nbsp; von&nbsp; den&nbsp; Hausbalken&nbsp; aus den&nbsp; erw\u00e4hnten&nbsp; Ortschaften,&nbsp; und&nbsp; nicht nur aus diesen,&nbsp; so&nbsp; exhaustiv&nbsp; wii m\u00f6glich&nbsp; zu&nbsp; identifizieren&nbsp; und&nbsp; aufzuschreiben,&nbsp; wobei der Inhalt,&nbsp; der Hintergrund&nbsp; derselben,&nbsp; hervorgehobei wird,&nbsp; von&nbsp; den&nbsp; einfachsten&nbsp; mit genealogischem Aspekt,&nbsp; mit dem Namen&nbsp; der Eigent\u00fcmer,&nbsp; den&nbsp; Jahren&nbsp; de: Erbauung&nbsp; oder der wiederholten&nbsp; Umbauungen&nbsp; der H\u00e4user,&nbsp; mit den&nbsp; ex-voto-s,&nbsp; die Gott oder Jesus Christu; als Besch\u00fctzer der Familie, des Heims und der Gl\u00e4ubigen, den h\u00f6chsten Hilfen in der Baut\u00e4tigkeit gewidme sind,&nbsp; aber auch&nbsp; eine Reihe kleiner Fragmente von&nbsp; \u201eChroniken\u201c der vergangenen&nbsp; Zeiten,&nbsp; Vierzeiler,&nbsp; die au: den&nbsp; Volksgedichten&nbsp; inspiriert sind&nbsp; und&nbsp; sich&nbsp; auf das allt\u00e4gliche Leben&nbsp; der Gemeinschaft beziehen,&nbsp; Gef\u00fchle die die Hingabe zur Arbeit, den Respekt gegen\u00fcber und die innige Verbundenheit mit der Gemeinschaft une in&nbsp; der Familie,&nbsp; sowie die Besonnenheit der religi\u00f6sen&nbsp; Gef\u00fchle widerspiegeln,&nbsp; in&nbsp; Kriegs- und&nbsp; Friedenszeitei Hoffnung&nbsp; gebende Lehren&nbsp; und&nbsp; Anspornungen.&nbsp; Au\u00dfergew\u00f6hnlich&nbsp; wichtig&nbsp; sind&nbsp; die Inschriften,&nbsp; die der Namen der Baumeister (Maurer, Steinhauer, Zimmerleute, Holzarbeiter, Schmiede, Kalligrafen \/ Blumen une Buchstaben,&nbsp; Glockengie\u00dfer) beginnend&nbsp; mit den&nbsp; letzten&nbsp; Jahrzehnten&nbsp; des 18.&nbsp; Jahrhunderts festhalten,&nbsp; bishe: unver\u00f6ffentlichte Informationen, wahre \u201eUrkunden\u201c, die das Repertoire der siebenb\u00fcrgischen Meister aus den 18. bis 20. Jahrhundert bereichern.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Iosif UIL\u0102CAN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cimitirele rom\u00e2ne\u015fti din Bistri\u0163a p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul secolului al XIX -lea<br>Les cimeti\u00e8res roumains de Bistri\u0163a jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d153892661098848457' value='6a73d153892661098848457'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d153892661098848457' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d153892661098848457' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d153892661098848457' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d153892661098848457' ><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Les cimeti\u00e8res roumains de Bistri\u021ba jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">A Bistri\u021ba, comme dans les autres villes libres saxonnes de Transylvanie, on a maintenu jusque tr\u00e8s tard, apr\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XIXe si\u00e8cle l\u2019interdiction pour les autres ethnies, non privil\u00e9gi\u00e9es, de s\u2019\u00e9tablir \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la cit\u00e9. Celles-ci se sont rassembl\u00e9es dans plusieurs quartiers des banlieues de la ville, organisant leur vie sociale et religieuse en fonction de l\u2019attitude parfois tol\u00e9rante, parfois plus restrictive des autorit\u00e9s. L\u2019auteur analyse, s\u2019appuyant sur les documents d\u2019archive et de toponymie, les p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres des premiers lieux de culte et des cimeti\u00e8res confessionnels form\u00e9s \u00e0 partir du XVIII si\u00e8cle \u00e0 la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie de l\u2019habitation m\u00e9di\u00e9vale. L&#8217;\u00e9volution urbaine et les mesures sanitaires ont conduit \u00e0 leur fermeture progressive et ult\u00e9rieurement \u00e0 leur effacement de la m\u00e9moire locale.&nbsp; L\u2019auteur plaide pour le marquage m\u00eame symboliquement des champs de repos, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les ossements sont couverts par des constructions modernes et surtout par l\u2019oubli.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Carol KACS<strong>\u00d3<\/strong> , Dumitru I\u0218TVAN, Traian MINGHIRA\u015e<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-15.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mina piticilor de la Chiuzbaia<br>The Dwarf Mine in Chiuzbaia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d153893400094679641' value='6a73d153893400094679641'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d153893400094679641' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d153893400094679641' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d153893400094679641' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d153893400094679641' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">The Dwarf Mine in Chiuzbaia<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The&nbsp; village&nbsp; of&nbsp; Chiuzbaia,&nbsp; across&nbsp; the&nbsp; border&nbsp; from&nbsp; the&nbsp; mining&nbsp; town&nbsp; Baia&nbsp; Sprie,&nbsp; Maramure\u0219&nbsp; county,&nbsp; was founded in 1612. The settlement is especially well-known for its rich sources of non-ferrous ores. The main source of ore in Chiuzbaia and its surroundings is the Herja deposit, which contains lead, zinc, silver, gold and antimonium. There are many old mines in this area, but none of them pre-date the Middle Ages. Among them is the so-called Dwarf Mine, which has a square profile, a height of 0.9-1.3 m. and a width of 0.50 m. At the present time, we still do not have any documentation that would enable us to establish the year in which the exploitation of the Dwarf Mine began. However, based on what we do know, we can presume that it already began operating in the 17th century.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>Marin POPAN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pfr\u00fcnderecht und Bauvorhaben von unierten rum\u00e4nischen Kirchen in den freien bistritzer s\u00e4chsischen Gemeinden anhand einiger theresianischen Lateinquellen (1740-1783)<br>Biserici unite rom\u00e2ne\u015fti din satele districtului Bistri\u0163ei \u00een lumina unor documente latine tereziene (1740-1783)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d1538942e8004029745' value='6a73d1538942e8004029745'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d1538942e8004029745' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d1538942e8004029745' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d1538942e8004029745' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d1538942e8004029745' ><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Biserici unite rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti din satele districtului Bistri\u021bei \u00een lumina unor documente latine tereziene (1740 &#8211; 1783)<br><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Rezumat) <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">Sunt supuse analizei istoriografice c\u00e2teva izvoare latine locale tereziene din districtul Bistri\u021bei din secolul al XVIII-lea. Primul document latin prezentat este formulat de comunitatea rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 conlocuitoare din satul liber s\u0103sesc Petri\u0219 (Petersdorf) databil cu aproxima\u021bie la mijlocului secolului al XVIII-lea. Comunitatea rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 din satul Petri\u0219 se pl\u00e2nge probabil Sfatului ora\u0219ului Bistri\u021ba de restric\u021biile \u0219i condi\u021bion\u0103rile, de \u0219icanele autorit\u0103\u021bii locale dar \u0219i a comunit\u0103\u021bii s\u0103se\u0219ti conlocuitoare din Petri\u0219 care le-ar restric\u021biona dreptul de liber exerci\u021biu religios, de asemenea dreptul de a construi foarte probabil o biseric\u0103. Scrisoarea adresat\u0103 de pastorul evanghelic al Bistri\u021bei Samuel Bedeus probabil Sfatului ora\u0219ului Bistri\u021ba, databil\u0103 \u00een anul 1760 privitor la formarea comunit\u0103\u021bii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti din Lechin\u021ba nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd despre propriet\u0103\u021bile funciare ale acesteia. Peti\u021biile ce vor fi fost formulate de rom\u00e2nii lechin\u021beni \u0219i viziunea comunit\u0103\u021bii s\u0103se\u0219ti lechin\u021bene despre viitorul convie\u021buirii cu rom\u00e2nii sunt de asemenea luate \u00een considerare. Marginal este men\u021bionat\u0103 scrisoarea adresat\u0103 Guberniului Marelui Principat al Transilvaniei de Judele Bistri\u021bei, databil\u0103 din con\u021binutul ei c\u0103tre mijlocului secolului al XVIII-lea cu privire la cererea rom\u00e2nilor din suburbiile Bistri\u021bei de a \u021bine liturghia \u00eentr-o biseric\u0103 situat\u0103 intra muros.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Petre DIN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dimensiunea militant\u0103 a Ecaterinei Varga \u00een deceniul premerg\u0103tor revolu\u0163iei de la 1848 &#8211; 1849<br>La dimension militante d&#8217;Ecaterina Varga dans la decennie precedente la revolution de 1848 &#8211; 1849<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d1538950a6038843224' value='6a73d1538950a6038843224'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d1538950a6038843224' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d1538950a6038843224' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d1538950a6038843224' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d1538950a6038843224' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">La dimension militante d\u2019Ecaterina Varga &nbsp;dans la d\u00e9cennie pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente la r\u00e9volution de 1848-1849<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Au&nbsp; XVIIIe si\u00e8cle et dans la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du&nbsp; XIXe si\u00e8cle,&nbsp; gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son&nbsp; pouvoir militaire,&nbsp; la Maison d\u2019Habsbourg a garanti l\u2019\u00e9quilibre politico-militaire dans l\u2019espace de l\u2019Europe Centrale et du Sud-est, zone qui comprenait la Transylvanie, le Banat et la Bucovine. &nbsp;Encore plus difficiles que ses probl\u00e8mes internes,&nbsp; la Monarchie habsbourgeoise est confront\u00e9e aux aspirations des peuples marginaux : les polonais, les italiens et les roumains se sont \u00e9veill\u00e9s \u00e0 une nouvelle conscience sociale et historique.&nbsp; Au&nbsp; d\u00e9but du&nbsp; quatri\u00e8me d\u00e9cennie du&nbsp; XIXe si\u00e8cle,&nbsp; les mouvements de la population&nbsp; mini\u00e8re des domaines de Zlatna ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9s par Ecaterina Varga,&nbsp; devenue le symbole de la r\u00e9sistance contre l\u2019oppression et les abus des autorit\u00e9s locales et centrales. &nbsp;Ecaterina Varga a r\u00e9dig\u00e9 des nombreuses p\u00e9titions au nom des habitants de \u021aara Mo\u021bilor au risque de sa libert\u00e9 et m\u00eame de sa vie. Consid\u00e9r\u00e9e une personne dangereuse, les autorit\u00e9s imp\u00e9riales tentent de la mettre aux arr\u00eats et elles y arrivent avec la complicit\u00e9 du pr\u00e9lat des roumains orthodoxes, Andrei \u0218aguna. Lib\u00e9r\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier 1851, Ecaterina Varga s\u2019est retir\u00e9e dans l\u2019ancienne commune de F\u0103g\u0103ra\u0219, gagnant dans la m\u00e9moire collective le surnom de \u201eReine des Mo\u021bi\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Florin VLA\u015eIN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Preocup\u0103ri privind arhivele \u00een zona Bistri\u0163ei p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1918<br>B\u00e4scheftigungen f\u00fcr Archiv in Bistritz 1918<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d153895fd8092529291' value='6a73d153895fd8092529291'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d153895fd8092529291' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d153895fd8092529291' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d153895fd8092529291' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d153895fd8092529291' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">B\u00e4sch\u00e4ftigungen f\u00fcr Archive in Bistritz bis 1918<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Die g\u00fcnstige Lage von Bistritz an der Kreuzung wichtiger Handelswege siecherte der Statdt eine rasche Entwicklung. Das Anwachsen des Anteils des gewerbetreibenden an der Stadtbev\u00f6lkerung und als Folge davon auch&nbsp; die Vermehrung&nbsp; der Handeltreibenden&nbsp; trug &nbsp;dazu&nbsp; bei,&nbsp; dass die Handelsbeziehungen&nbsp; zwischen&nbsp; Bistritz und den anderen St\u00e4dten aus Siebenb\u00fcrgen, der Moldau und Polen immer reger und dauerhafter wurden, so dass die st\u00e4dtische Entwicklung von Bistritz schon fr\u00fch ansetzt. So erkl\u00e4rt sich auch die Tatsache, dass das Bistritzer Archiv eines der \u00e4ltesten Archive des Landes und wegen des Reichtums und der Bedeutung der darin auf bewahrten Archivalien eines der wertvollsten Stadtarchive ist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Stelian M\u00c2NDRU\u021a<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Die Ausbildung der K\u00fcnstler aus Rum\u00e4nien an der Akademie der bildenden K\u00fcnste in M\u00fcnchen<br>B\u00e4scheftigungen f\u00fcr Archiv in Bistritz 1918<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d1538973f0065970627' value='6a73d1538973f0065970627'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d1538973f0065970627' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d1538973f0065970627' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d1538973f0065970627' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d1538973f0065970627' ><\/p>\n<p><strong>Acest articol nu are rezumat<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong><strong>Adrian ONOFREIU<\/strong><\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-20.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">M\u0103rturii documentare referitoare la rela\u0163iile minoritate\/majoritate la Bistri\u0163a \u00een primii ani dup\u0103 Unirea din 1918<br>Urkundliche Beweise betrefend die Verhaltnisse zwischen die Mienderheit) und die Mehrheit in Bistritz in den ersten Jahren nach die Vereinigung von 1918<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d153898474059697040' value='6a73d153898474059697040'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d153898474059697040' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d153898474059697040' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d153898474059697040' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d153898474059697040' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Urkundliche Beweise betrefend die Verh\u00e4ltnisse zwischen die Mienderheit und die Mehrheit in Bistritz in den ersten Jahren nach die Vereinigung von 1918<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Der Autor stellt 16&nbsp; Urkunden&nbsp; dar,&nbsp; die die Art und&nbsp; Weise aufzeigen&nbsp; in&nbsp; denen&nbsp; die Politische- und Verwaltungs Ver\u00e4nderungen in Bistritz und in Bistritz-Nassoder Kreis stattgefunden haben, nach der Vereinigung von 1 Dezember 1918. &nbsp;Bistritz&nbsp; spielte&nbsp; die&nbsp; Hauptrolle&nbsp; in&nbsp; disen&nbsp; Ver\u00e4nderungen&nbsp; und&nbsp; beeinflusste&nbsp; alle&nbsp; Beh\u00f6rden&nbsp; die&nbsp; den&nbsp; neuen leitendes Organ untergeordnet waren &#8211; dem Pr\u00e4fekt. &nbsp;Nach&nbsp; meherer jahrhunderter j\u00e4hrigen&nbsp; Entwicklung&nbsp; in&nbsp; einer Organiesierungsyztem den&nbsp; der deutschen ethnischen &nbsp;Gemeinheit spezifisch&nbsp; war,&nbsp; ver\u00e4nderte sich&nbsp; die Lage und&nbsp; der rum\u00e4nische Bestandteil wurde der entscheidender Faktor. Die Reaktion&nbsp; der vorherherrschenden&nbsp; Geimeinschaften,&nbsp; und&nbsp; zwar der deutschen&nbsp; und&nbsp; nach&nbsp; 1867,&nbsp; der ungarischen war die vorherige Sitationlage weiter aufzubewahnen welche sie durch die jahrhundertlange Zeit innegehabt haben. Die Urkunden bieten uns ein wahres Bild \u00fcber den Beitrag jeder ethnischen Gemeinchaft an den eigene, Weiterentwicklung nach 1918 und an den Verhaltnissanderung zwischen Minderheit und Mehrheit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Constantin M\u0102RU\u0162OIU, Ioan BRATU, Zaharia MOLDOVAN, Laura TRO\u015eAN, Victor Constantin M\u0102RU\u0162OIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-21.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Expertizarea \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 a icoanelor din patrimoniu<br>Methods of Scientific Expertise of lcons<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d15389a121006361916' value='6a73d15389a121006361916'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d15389a121006361916' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d15389a121006361916' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d15389a121006361916' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d15389a121006361916' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Methods of Scientific Expertise of Icons<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The work&nbsp; presents aspects regarding&nbsp; the significance of icons,&nbsp; the way&nbsp; they&nbsp; are made,&nbsp; the integrant elements, as well as the methods of scientific expertise. The chemical methods of the quality analysis (spot test) is based&nbsp; on&nbsp; different chemical reactions,&nbsp; while the physical-chemical ones on&nbsp; the measuring&nbsp; of some physical and chemical characteristics with the help of certain instruments. In this category are mentioned UV- VIS and IR spectroscopy, the chromatography, the fluorescence spectrometry of X rays, electronic microscopy and optical microscopy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Voicu DUCA<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-22.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Research and Monitoring of Deterioration Processes from Brukenthal Museum<br>Cercetarea \u015fi monitorizarea proceselor de deteriorare de la Muzeul Brukenthal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d15389bd14072085766' value='6a73d15389bd14072085766'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d15389bd14072085766' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d15389bd14072085766' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d15389bd14072085766' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d15389bd14072085766' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Cercetarea si monitorizarea proceselor de deteriorare de la Muzeul Brukenthal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Rezumat)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Lucrarea are scopul de a semnala c\u0103 de\u0219i Rom\u00e2nia a ratificat Conven\u021bia de la Granada \u00een 1997, se continu\u0103 seria gravelor gre\u0219eli \u00een&nbsp; restaur\u0103rile de monumente.&nbsp; Un&nbsp; exemplu&nbsp; nedorit este Muzeul Bruckenthal asupra c\u0103ruia am efectuat investiga\u021bii prin care sunt puse \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 gre\u0219elile de execu\u021bie \u0219i lipsa de profesionalism a factorilor ce r\u0103spund de patrimoniu. Construc\u021bia&nbsp; palatului&nbsp; ce&nbsp; apar\u021binea&nbsp; guvernatorului&nbsp; Transilvaniei&nbsp; Samuel&nbsp; von&nbsp; Brukenthal,&nbsp; s-a&nbsp; desf\u0103\u0219urat \u00eentre anii 1778-1788. Muzeul&nbsp; Bruckenthal&nbsp; a&nbsp; fost&nbsp; obiectul&nbsp; unei&nbsp; restaur\u0103ri&nbsp; rapide&nbsp; executate&nbsp; cu&nbsp; ocazia&nbsp; evenimentului&nbsp; prin&nbsp; care Sibiul a devenit capital\u0103 cultural\u0103 european\u0103, al\u0103turi de Luxembourg. Caracterul acestui tip&nbsp; de interven\u021bie rapid\u0103 a l\u0103sat urme nedorite \u00een&nbsp; modul de execu\u021bie,&nbsp; deoarece sunt vizibile \u00een numeroase locuri-deficien\u021be datorate par\u021bial unei rutine \u0219antieristice care nu ar avea ce c\u0103uta atunci c\u00e2nd este implicat\u0103 o construc\u021bie de patrimoniu de aceast\u0103 importan\u021b\u0103. O alt\u0103 cauz\u0103 a nereu\u0219itei acestei interven\u021bii de restaurare este aplicarea materialelor de corec\u021bie peste zone contaminate cu s\u0103ruri ce \u00ee\u0219i semnaleaz\u0103 prezen\u021ba foarte evident prin caracteristica crust\u0103 neagr\u0103 sulfatic\u0103. Aceasta&nbsp;&nbsp; crusta&nbsp;&nbsp; constituit\u0103&nbsp;&nbsp; din&nbsp;&nbsp; gips&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00een&nbsp;&nbsp; marea&nbsp;&nbsp; majoritate&nbsp;&nbsp; a&nbsp;&nbsp; componentelor,&nbsp;&nbsp; al\u0103turi&nbsp;&nbsp; de&nbsp;&nbsp; care&nbsp;&nbsp; se \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 sporadic thaumasit, mirabilit. Utilizarea nepermis\u0103 a unor materiale de finisaj cu&nbsp; porozitate sc\u0103zut\u0103 transform\u0103 aceste ecrane \u00eentr-un&nbsp; teren&nbsp; de acumulare excesiv\u0103 a s\u0103rurilor pe suprafe\u021bele de discontinuitate,&nbsp; determin\u00e2nd cristalizarea compone\u021bilor \u00een&nbsp; curs de precipitare \u0219i exercitarea unor presiuni ce duc \u00een&nbsp; final la exfolierea stratului de finisaj &#8211; figura 2. &nbsp;Lipsa unui tratament adecvat al ceramicii brute de construc\u021bii sau&nbsp; \u00eenlocuirea ei dup\u0103 caz,&nbsp; nu&nbsp; a fost luata \u00een&nbsp; considerare.&nbsp; Consecin\u021bele sunt imediate prin&nbsp; formarea de acumul\u0103ri a unor s\u0103ruri pe suprafa\u021ba finisajelor aplicate rapid.&nbsp; Sunt semnalate de asemenea acumul\u0103ri de s\u0103ruri pe stratifica\u021bia pietrei&nbsp; de&nbsp; talie,&nbsp; (figura&nbsp; 7)&nbsp; ceea&nbsp; ce&nbsp; dovede\u0219te&nbsp; c\u0103&nbsp; funda\u021bia&nbsp; lucreaz\u0103&nbsp; ca&nbsp; o&nbsp; pomp\u0103&nbsp; de&nbsp; ap\u0103&nbsp; ce&nbsp; va&nbsp; introduce solu\u021bii prin capilarele materialelor litice. &nbsp;L\u00e2ng\u0103 ancadramentul por\u021bii principale sunt semnalate interven\u021bii cu&nbsp; ciment portland,&nbsp; compus agresiv&nbsp; cu&nbsp; ettringit,&nbsp; ce alimenteaz\u0103 cu&nbsp; anioni SO4,&nbsp; m\u0103rind&nbsp; efectul distructiv&nbsp; \u00een&nbsp; zona adiacent\u0103 interven\u021biei. 0 surs\u0103 important\u0103 de sulfa\u021bi agresivi au fost introdu\u0219i cu ciment portland folosit Ia retu\u0219uri ce urm\u0103reau s\u0103 compenseze por\u021binile cu dezagregare intens\u0103 &#8211; foto Dr\u0103gu\u0219anu. &nbsp;Utilizarea de ciment Portland, un material cu ettringit agresiv, se remarc\u0103 la executarea unor amorse pentru soclul demantelat al construc\u021biei (figura 8).&nbsp; Din&nbsp; aceea\u0219i surs\u0103 agresiv\u0103-cimentul portland&nbsp; &#8211; se alimenteaz\u0103 procese de formare a unor s\u0103ruri identificate \u00een tabelul 1 \u0219i figura 3. &nbsp;Crusta neagr\u0103 de compozi\u021bie predominant sulfatic\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te mai ales pe materialul litic (figura 1, 4, 5,6).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Concluzie<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Procesele de deteriorare accelerat\u0103 activate pe paramentul palatului Bruckenthal sunt rezultatul nerespect\u0103rii unor principii de baz\u0103 ale restur\u0103rii \u0219i anume interdic\u021bia de a utiliza materiale cu&nbsp; compozi\u021bie agresiv\u0103 cum este cimentul portland,&nbsp; dar \u0219i lipsa unui studiu&nbsp; de patologia construc\u021biei &#8211; un&nbsp; studiu&nbsp; de petroarheometrie conform Conve\u021biei de la Granada.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Abstract<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">This paper aims to&nbsp; report that although&nbsp; Romania has ratified&nbsp; the Granada Convention&nbsp; in&nbsp; 1997, continues the series of serious mistakes in&nbsp; restauration&nbsp; of monuments.&nbsp; One undesirable example is Brukenthal Museum on&nbsp; which&nbsp; we conducted&nbsp; investigations that as reported&nbsp; errors in&nbsp; execution&nbsp; and unprofessional factors responsible for heritage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> Marius HORGA, Lucre\u0163ia GHERGARI<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1-23.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ceramica Lat\u00e8ne din situl Ili\u015fua &#8211; caracteristici geoarheologice \u015fi arheometrice<br>Lat\u00e8ne ceramics from Ili\u015fua site &#8211; geoarcheological and archeometric features<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a73d15389ee03030401325' value='6a73d15389ee03030401325'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a73d15389ee03030401325' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a73d15389ee03030401325' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a73d15389ee03030401325' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a73d15389ee03030401325' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Lat\u00e8ne ceramics from Ili\u0219ua site &#8211; geoarcheological and archeometric features<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The paper is a study on archeological ceramics from the Dacian site of Ili\u0219ua (Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud District), assigned to the Geto-Dacian Lat\u00e8ne culture (Ilth century B.C.). Ten ceramic samples have been investigated by mineralogical-petrographical techniques that are used for geoarcheological and archeometric studies. &nbsp;The semifine ceramics shows a general hornfels-like lutitic-siltic-arenitic fabric, while the coarse ceramics shows gradual transition towards hornfels-like greywacke fabric. The matrix resulted from the transformation of sintered and poorly vitrified siltic polymictic clay (containing illite, kaolinite, smectite, and possibly mixed- layers \u00b1 calcite). The matrix&nbsp; structure varies from microcrystalline to&nbsp; amorphous-microcrystalline.&nbsp; The matrix&nbsp; embeds arenitic-ruditic flux material (6-17 %); based on this fact, the studied ceramics were assigned to two fineness classes (semifine and&nbsp; coarse).&nbsp; Generally,&nbsp; the texture is unoriented,&nbsp; as resulted&nbsp; from manual processing.&nbsp; The ruditic-arenitic-siltic flux consists of lithoclasts and crystalloclasts originating from magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks (in most cases as river sand but also as ferruginous-pedogenetic concretions), ceramoclasts and subordinate^ bioclasts. The thermal treatment was performed in the interval of 800-920\u00b0C. Based on the mineralogical composition, we can assume that the potter\u2019s workshop was located in the proximity of the site, while the raw clayey material originated from Badenian clays cropping out close to the tuff level. &nbsp;The ceramic products were obtained&nbsp; by &nbsp;mixing&nbsp; poorly-calcareous clay&nbsp; with&nbsp; flux&nbsp; material,&nbsp; the latter consisting&nbsp; of lithoclasts and&nbsp; ceramoclasts (added&nbsp; deliberately),&nbsp; together with&nbsp; less frequent bioclasts and phytoclasts (added by chance). The ceramics were manufactured manually; vessels being covered with adobe, a thin glaze layer and paint. Firing was done in a single step, in the above-mentioned temperature interval.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"> <br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anul: 2010 Editor: Complexul Muzeal \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103udISSN: 1222-5096 Mihai ROTEA, Monica TECAR, Tiberiu TECARDona\u0163ie de artefacte provenind din situ] Wietenberg de la Der\u015fida &#8211; &#8222;Dealul lui Balota&#8221;Donation of archaeological artifacts found in<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=67\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>2010 - Revista Bistritei - Anuarul de specialitate al Complexului Muzeal Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=67\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2010 - Revista Bistritei - Anuarul de specialitate al Complexului Muzeal Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Anul: 2010 Editor: Complexul Muzeal \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103udISSN: 1222-5096 Mihai ROTEA, Monica TECAR, Tiberiu TECARDona\u0163ie de artefacte provenind din situ] Wietenberg de la Der\u015fida &#8211; 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