{"id":64,"date":"2021-11-19T07:10:28","date_gmt":"2021-11-19T07:10:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=64"},"modified":"2022-01-14T14:27:05","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T14:27:05","slug":"2009-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=64","title":{"rendered":"2009"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:29%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized is-style-default\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/slider2\/2009.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22\" width=\"355\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/slider2\/2009.png 513w, https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/slider2\/2009-209x300.png 209w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CUPRINS-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CUPRINS<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/CUPRINS-1.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button\" download>Descarc\u0103<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Anul: 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Editor: Complexul Muzeal <br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud<br \/>ISSN: 1222-5096<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:71%\">\n<p><strong>Carol KACSO<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Depozitul-de-bronzuri-de-la-uriu-I-carol-kacso12-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Depozitul de bronzuri de la Uriu (I) <br>Das Bronzedepot van Uriu (I)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d6184ac5003061472' value='69e386d6184ac5003061472'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d6184ac5003061472' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d6184ac5003061472' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d6184ac5003061472' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d6184ac5003061472' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Das bronzedepot von Uriu (I)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Zusammenfassung)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Das Bronzedepot von Uriu gelangte 1911 ins Museum aus Cluj. Nach mehr als 20 Jahren wurde es in einem kurzen&nbsp; Aufsatz,&nbsp; ohne Beschreibung&nbsp; der Fundst\u00fccke und ohne Pr\u00e4ziesierung deren Dimenssionen, aber mit guten Abbildungen, von M. Roska publiziert. Der Fund&nbsp; von&nbsp; Uriu&nbsp; hat eine Schl\u00fcsselposition&nbsp; f\u00fcr die Feststellung&nbsp; der typologisch-chronologischen Eingliederung&nbsp; und&nbsp; Deutung&nbsp; der siebenb\u00fcrgischen&nbsp; sp\u00e4tbronzeitlichen&nbsp; Metalldeponierungen.&nbsp; Die vollst\u00e4ndige Ver\u00f6ffentlichung des Fundes, nach ungef\u00e4hr 100 Jahre seit seiner Entdeckung, ist notwendig. Es werden ebenfalls auch andere Bronzefunde von Uriu (a. Nackenscheibenaxt; b. Bronzering, Bronzeperlen, verzierte Bronzeplattenfragmente; c. T\u00fcllenhammer [T\u00fcllenbeil ?]) beschrieben. Die deutschsprachige Fassung dieses Artikels wird in Bronzefunde aus Rum\u00e4nien IV (Hrsg. T. Soroceanu; in Vorbereitung) publiziert.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator alignwide is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Corneliu GAIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/un-cuptor-de-ars-ceramica-de-la-sf-epocii-bronzului-corneliu-gaiu1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Un cuptor de ars ceramic\u0103 de la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul epocii bronzului<br>Un four a ceramique de l&#8217;age du bronze tardif<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d6186668003884428' value='69e386d6186668003884428'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d6186668003884428' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d6186668003884428' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d6186668003884428' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d6186668003884428' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Un four \u00e0 c\u00e9ramique de l\u2019age du bronze tardif<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Dans l\u2019habitat de Stupini \u00abF\u00e2na\u021bele Archiudului\u00bb on a identifie des niveaux d\u2019habitation datant de diff\u00e9rentes p\u00e9riodes,&nbsp; depuis l\u2019\u00e9n\u00e9olithique jusqu\u2019au&nbsp; Moyen&nbsp; Age tardif.&nbsp; Les plus consistants niveaux&nbsp; appartiennent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque romaine et des VIIIe &#8211; IXe si\u00e8cles apr\u00e8s J.C., tandis que les moins consistants datent de l\u2019age du bronze, leur noyau \u00e9tant situe sur la terrasse m\u00e9diane de la partie de limite de l\u2019habitat. Le complexe, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 et note la fosse 28, a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifie dans la section S31 en 2001. C\u2019\u00e9tait une fosse simple, a forme circulaire, affect\u00e9e par les fouilles d\u2019une fosse de provisions romaine qui avait d\u00e9truit plus de 2\/3 du complexe d\u2019age du bronze. Les parois de la fosse \u00e9taient marqu\u00e9es d&#8217;une grosse couche de mat\u00e9riaux br\u00fbles, et. a l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la fosse, on a trouve une partie de la charge du four, avec les pots ranges les uns dans les autres, dont les parois \u00e9taient br\u00fbl\u00e9es jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la vitrification et d\u00e9form\u00e9es par le feu. Faute d\u2019indices concernant le type de four et le moyen&nbsp; de fonctionnement,&nbsp; seul le mat\u00e9riel c\u00e9ramique, a savoir pots et \u00e9cuelles en p\u00e2te rouge\u00e2tre ou marron-gris\u00e2tre, grumeleuse on fine, nous indique la possible destination de la fosse. Les formes c\u00e9ramiques et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u00e9coratifs (pro\u00e9minences, boutons et cannelures), sont la preuve que cette d\u00e9couverte appartient caract\u00e9ristique pour l\u2019espace intracarpatique par l\u2019interf\u00e9rence des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la culture Noua et Wietenberg IV. Provenant&nbsp; d\u2019une&nbsp; charge,&nbsp; le&nbsp; mat\u00e9riel&nbsp; de&nbsp; ce&nbsp; complexe&nbsp; refl\u00e8te&nbsp; un&nbsp; moment&nbsp; de&nbsp; l\u2019\u00e9volution&nbsp; de&nbsp; cet&nbsp; horizon culturel, li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9 d\u2019un c\u00e9ramiste qui desservait la communaut\u00e9 \u00e9tablie dans cet habitat<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator alignwide is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sorin COCI\u015e, Radu Z\u0102GREANU, Dan TAMBA<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Piese-sculpturale-din-castrul-roman-de-la-Sutoru-Sorin-Cocis-Radu-Zagreanu-Dan-Tamba.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Piese sculpturale din castrul roman de la Sutoru<br>Roman Sculptures from the Roman Fort at Sutoru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d61876a9013120903' value='69e386d61876a9013120903'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d61876a9013120903' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d61876a9013120903' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d61876a9013120903' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d61876a9013120903' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Roman Sculptures from the Roman Fort at Sutoru<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Summnary)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">In 2001, archaeological researches began at the Roman Fort at Sutoru, during which a lot of new information about the settelment was discovered. Included in the finds, where two funerary stones which have led to a reconsideration&nbsp; of other Roman&nbsp; sculptures found&nbsp; at this site and&nbsp; provided&nbsp; a basis for a proper study&nbsp; to&nbsp; be undertaken&nbsp; regarding&nbsp; Roman&nbsp; Sculptures from the Roman&nbsp; fort at Sutoru.&nbsp; When&nbsp; this archaeological research began, a survey was undertaken in the locality, which uncovered four new sculptural pieces. It is the first time, that all the sculptural pieces form this site, have been placed in a study together.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The catalogue includes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">A rectangular block belonging to a funerary monument with an inscription of Aurelius Bassus a signifer in the military unit of N[umeri)l M(aurorum) O(ptatianensium).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">An altar with an inscription offered to a third century emperor with the name erased.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">A funerary stela with two registers in a rectangular niche. In the relief field there is a representation of a calo and the inscription field mentions the soldier Aurelius Masinnifus?).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Two walls from an aedicula with the same dimensions, with an orifice for fixings where the roof was put. They both have the same representation, a horseman on the upper part and a female on the lower part.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">A fragment of a stela with a horseshoe-shaped niche and a copying with two funerary lions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Fragment of a left lateral wall of an aedicula with a horseman representation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Fragment of a left lateral wall of an aedicula with a camillus representation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Fragment of a funerary lion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Fragment of a toscan capital.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">A column base<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">This study shows that sometime at the beginning of the third century at Sutoru a local stone workshop was flourishing, with orders for several complex funerary constructions, base statues for the emperor and monuments with some specific iconography, clearly influenced by the stone workshops from Porolissum center. The latest monuments discovered provide us with new and intriguing information regarding the sculptural roman art from the Sutoru fort and civilian settlement. The most important achievement of this study was the reinterpretation of monuments number one and&nbsp; four which&nbsp; enabled&nbsp; an&nbsp; almost entire reconstruction&nbsp; of a funerary&nbsp; aedicula. Another interesting remark is the fact that four of the monuments bear a horseman representation which seems to be a particularity of the local stone workshop. Another important issue that we accomplished was to make some solid dating, using analogies from the nearby provinces, particularly Pannonia. The research of the Roman fort is only at the beginning, we believe that future excavations at the site will prove or disprove our hypothesis and make clear statements about Roman art from the Roman fort at Sutoru.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Alexandru POPA, Vlad L\u0102Z\u0102RESCU, Alpar DOBOS, Radu Z\u0102GREANU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Vorlaufige-Ergebnisse-de-Phosphatkarierung-im-romischen-Kastel-von-Bretu-Alexandru-Popa-Vlad-Lazarescu-Alpar-Dobo-Radu-Zagreanu.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vorliiufige Ergebnisse der Phosphatkartierung im romischen Kastell von Bre\u0163cu<br>Prospec\u0163iuni geomagnetice \u00een castrul roman de la Bre\u0163cu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d6189609037659448' value='69e386d6189609037659448'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d6189609037659448' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d6189609037659448' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d6189609037659448' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d6189609037659448' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Prospec\u021biuni geomagnetice \u00een castrul roman de la Bre\u021bcu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Rezumat)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Rezultate preliminare ale cart\u0103rii fosforului \u00een castrul roman de la Bre\u021bcu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Nota de fa\u021b\u0103 prezint\u0103 rezultatele cart\u0103rii fosforului din&nbsp; interiorul castrului de la Bre\u021bcu.&nbsp; Metoda cart\u0103rii de fosfa\u021bi nu&nbsp; este una noua \u00een&nbsp; arheologie,&nbsp; dar implementarea ei era \u00eengreunat\u0103 de problemele m\u0103sur\u0103rilor \u00een&nbsp; condi\u021bii de laborator.&nbsp; Odat\u0103 cu&nbsp; apari\u021bia spectrometrelor mobile s-a ivit posibilitatea optimiz\u0103rii acestor m\u0103sur\u0103ri. Specificul m\u0103sur\u0103rilor de la Bre\u021bcu const\u0103 \u00een \u00eembinarea acestei metode cu rezultatele prospec\u021biunilor geomagnetice. Acest proiect a fost conceput drept un proiect-pilot, care s\u0103 ajute pe viitor la elaborarea unor strategii noi de cercetare a obiectivelor de pe limes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Radu Z\u0102GREANU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Cateva-piese-sculturale-din-Dacia-Porolissensis-Radu-Zagreanu.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">C\u00e2teva piese sculpturale din Dacia Porolissensis <br>A Few Sculptura] Pieces from Dacia Porolisenssis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d618a508096033186' value='69e386d618a508096033186'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d618a508096033186' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d618a508096033186' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d618a508096033186' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d618a508096033186' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>A Few Sculptural Pieces from Dacia Porolissensis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Summary)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The present study includes a series of roman sculptural monuments from the Huedin region, from Cluj county, that appears mentioned in past bibliography, but have never been studied properly. All these scuptures have been inserted in the walls of the local churches, or in the stone fences that enclose them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The monuments are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">a left lateral wall of an aedicula from Aghire\u0219u (pl. I, fig. 1) with two registers, on the upper part a bust of a female character, the lower part with the representation of a Camilla.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">a fragment of a funerary stela from V\u0103leni (pl. I, fig. 2) with the representation of the funerary banquet with three characters.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">a coping from M\u0103n\u0103stireni (pl. I, fig. 3) with two lions from a funerary stela with the head of the Medusa beetween the lions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">a funerary lion from Sf\u0103ra\u0219 (pl. II, fig. 1) belonging to a funerary construction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">a left lateral wall of an aedicula from Turea (pl. II, fig. 2 a-b) with a representation of a camilia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">two fragments from Izvorul Cri\u0219ului: the first one,&nbsp; a right lateral wall of an&nbsp; aedicula with&nbsp; the representation of Attis (pl. Ill, fig. 1 a-b); the second one, a relief with probably a representation of a huntig scene(pl. Ill, fig. 2 a-b).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Nicolae GUDEA<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/prabusirea-apararii-romane-de-la-frontiera-la-Dunarea-de-Mijloc-si-de-jos-Nicolae-Gudea-final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pr\u0103bu\u015firea ap\u0103r\u0103rii romane de frontier\u0103 la Dun\u0103rea de Mijloc \u015fi de Jos dup\u0103 378 cu privire special\u0103 la provincia Dacia Ripensis<br>The Fall of the Border Defence on Lower and Middle Danube after 378 with Special Regard to the Northern Border of Dacia Ripensis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d618bdf4022936329' value='69e386d618bdf4022936329'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d618bdf4022936329' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d618bdf4022936329' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d618bdf4022936329' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d618bdf4022936329' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>The Fall of the Border Defence on Lower and Middle Danube after 378&nbsp; with Special Regard to the Northern Border of Dacia Ripensis<\/strong> <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract) <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">In the first part of his work the author (N. Gudea) surveys the territorial and political evolution of the Goths starting from the middle of the 3rd century up to 376 [Bierbrauer 1994; Harhoiu 1990; Magomedov 2001). The great gothic attack from the middle of the 3rd century in the area of Lower Danube,, were followed by a relative calmness, distrubed only by the conflicts from Constantinus\u2019 time. After the 376 treaty the Goths were accepted as federates in the Empire and owing to reasons, much discussed until now, the conflict was released which brought about the distruction of the Roman army (Hadrianopolis 378). <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">Four categories of historical and archaeological sources have been analysed: <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">a. texts of ancient authors (contemporaries with the events) presenting the military events from the provinces of the Lower Danube;<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">b. the list of certain events constituting (economical, social and demographical) results of the military situation after 378; <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">c. the list of latest monetary discoveries in fortifications situated on the northern border of Dacia Ripensis; <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">d. informations about the archaeological situation from these fortifications, which indicates a massive distruction level, datable to the end of the 4th century. <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">On the basis of outcoming dates from these four categories of sources the conclusions concerning the situation of the border and the provinces after Hadrianopolis battle would be as follows: <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8211; the provinces from the Lower and Middle Danube (Pannonia II, Moesia I, Dacia Ripensis, Moesia II, Scythia Minor, Dardania, Dacia Mediteraneea etc.) were lost fot the Empire; <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8211; the Goths did not fulfil their obligations as federates and passed to a brutal robbery of the provinces (towns, villages, forts etc.); <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8211; the border fortifications were distroyed; other barbarians were crossing the river, taking active part in the robbery; <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8211; the border army ceased to exist; the troops of the central army withdraw in Thracia and Greece (the emperor being at Thassaloniki); <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8211; the territories from the north of the Balkan Mountains were lost for 20 years, being depopulated, with a destroyed Roman economy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Vasile M\u0102RCULE\u0162<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Chilia-subiect-de-disputa-intre-Mircea-cel-Batran-si-Alexandru-cel-Bun-Vasile-Marculet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chilia- subiect de disput\u0103 \u00eentre Mircea cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n \u015fi Alexandru cel Bun <br>Kilie- sujet de dispute entre Mircea l&#8217;Ancien et Alexandre le Bon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d618d6d2080229964' value='69e386d618d6d2080229964'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d618d6d2080229964' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d618d6d2080229964' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d618d6d2080229964' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d618d6d2080229964' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Kilie &#8211; sujet de dispute entre Mircea l\u2019Ancien et Alexandre le Bon<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">(<span style=\"color: #000000\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Pendant l\u2019an 1400, par suite de l\u2019aide politique et militaire offerte pour occuper le tr\u00f4ne de la Moldavie, Mircea l\u2019Ancien&nbsp; \u00e0 impos\u00e9 \u00e0 Alexandre le Bon&nbsp; une substantielle rectification&nbsp; de d\u00e9marcation&nbsp; a la fronti\u00e8re entre les deux&nbsp; pays.&nbsp; Bien&nbsp; qu\u2019elle soit accept\u00e9e par le prince de la Moldavie,&nbsp; cette pr\u00e9tention&nbsp; territoriale a indu&nbsp; un&nbsp; puissant \u00e9tat de tension&nbsp; dans les rapports bilat\u00e9rales.&nbsp; A une date comprise entre 8&nbsp; octobre 1408 et 1411,&nbsp; profitant du&nbsp; fait que le prince de la Valachie \u00e9tait pris dans des puissantes luttes avec les Turcs au sud de la Dobroudja, dans la zone de Silistra, Alexandre le Bon a proc\u00e9d\u00e9 lui-m\u00eame, unilat\u00e9ralement, \u00e0 une rectification de fronti\u00e8re avec la Valachie, passant dans son propre int\u00e9r\u00eat sous la domination la cit\u00e9 Kilie et son hinterland, jusqu\u2019alors sous la possession valaque. Son acte a intensifi\u00e9 en plus les tensions existantes d\u00e9j\u00e0 dans les rapports moldo-valaques. Environ l\u2019an 1413, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 la apog\u00e9e de son pouvoir, Mircea a re-incorpor\u00e9 \u00e0 son pouvoir les r\u00e9gions des bouches du Danube, situ\u00e9es \u00abvers les parties tatares\u00bb, avec la cit\u00e9 Lykostomo mais non&nbsp; la Kilie,&nbsp; la possession&nbsp; de laquelle il contenait encore la revendiquer indirectement.&nbsp; Celle-ci avait rester encore une d\u00e9cennie sous la possession de la Moldavie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Mihai Florin HASAN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Informatii-despre-prezenta-tiganilor-in-voievodatul-Transilvaniei-si-comitatele-vecine-in-secolele-XIV-XV-Mihai-Florin-Hasan-final-Copy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Informa\u0163ii despre prezen\u0163a \u0163iganilor \u00een voievodatul Transilvaniei \u015fi comitatele vecine \u00een secolele XW-XV<br>Information concerning Gypsies and their Presence in Transylvania and Neighboring Counties between XIVth and XVth Centuries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d618e4d8076853495' value='69e386d618e4d8076853495'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d618e4d8076853495' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d618e4d8076853495' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d618e4d8076853495' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d618e4d8076853495' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Information concerning Gypsies and their Presence in Transylvania&nbsp; and Neighboring Counties between XIVth and XVth Centuries<\/strong><\/span> <br><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Summary) <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">In this article, I tried to reveal the situation of gypsies inside Transylvanian borders between the XIVth and XVth centuries. As it looks from primary sources, which I used, the number of those gypsies is small and their presence in the southeastern corner of the Hungarian kingdom is purely incidental in that period. <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">Their presence after 1501 is due, I suppose, to the migration of this ethnicity from Wallachia or other areas. It is unclear how those identified gypsies settled in Transylvanian counties during XIVth-XVth centuries,&nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">but it is clear that their number do not permit a deep research upon them in those times.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Claudia M. BON\u0162A<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Recuperarea-Ungariei-Eliberarea-Budei-si-medaliile-celebrative-emise-Studiu-iconografic-Claudia-Bonta.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Recuperarea Ungariei: eliberarea Budei \u015fi medaliile celebrative emise. Studiu iconografie<br>Reconquist of Hungary: The Holy League took Buda<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d618f515066117359' value='69e386d618f515066117359'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d618f515066117359' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d618f515066117359' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d618f515066117359' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d618f515066117359' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Reconquist of Hungary: The Holy League took Buda<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The unsuccessful second siege of Vienna by the Turks in 1683 started the Great Turkish War (1662-1699), an imperial campaign for the re-conquest of Hungary. The Battle of Buda was fought between the Holy League and Ottoman Turkey: after a long siege the Holy League took Buda. One of the propaganda instruments in the Great Turkish War was the medal art. Fifteen medals in the medal collection of the National History Museum of Transylvania from Cluj-Napoca were chosen to present the way the Habsburg\u2019s have percept their victory at Buda in 1686.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Iosif UILACAN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Biserica-romaneasca-din-Bistrita-1792.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Biserica rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 din Bistri\u0163a &#8211; 1792<br>L&#8217;eglise roumaine de Bistri\u0163a &#8211; 1792<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d6190275087013917' value='69e386d6190275087013917'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d6190275087013917' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d6190275087013917' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d6190275087013917' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d6190275087013917' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>L\u2019\u00e9glise roumaine de Bistri\u021ba &#8211; 1792<\/strong> <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9) <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">L\u2019\u00e9tude pr\u00e9sent un aspect fondamental de la vie des roumains bistritzois \u00e0 la fin du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle. Il s\u2019agit&nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">de la construction de l\u2019\u00e9glise roumaine aux alentours de murs de la ville de Bistri\u021ba, dans un endroit avec un bon emplacement appel\u00e9 \u00ab \u00een Maici \u00bb. On publie \u00e0 cette occasion des importants documents tels le protocole du mois de d\u00e9cembre 1788 par lequel on a pris la d\u00e9cision de ramasser les fonds n\u00e9cessaires, las listes des bailleurs, l\u2019am\u00e9nagement des objets de culte dans la nouvelle \u00e9glise en 1792, la donation de la table de l\u2019autel de 1794 etc. L\u2019\u00e9glise mise sous le patronage de \u00ab L\u2019Entr\u00e9e dans l\u2019Eglise de la Vierge \u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 un r\u00e9p\u00e8re pour les roumains de Bistri\u021ba dans la p\u00e9riode 1792-1895. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019achat, suite des insistantes n\u00e9gociations (1893-1895) de l\u2019\u00e9glise de l\u2019ancien couvent des fr\u00e8res mineurs de Bistri\u021ba ; l\u2019ancienne \u00e9glise roumaine du XVille si\u00e8cle a \u00e9t\u00e9 c\u00e9d\u00e9 au roumains de Lechin\u021ba.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Petre DIN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Ioan-Slavici-intre-spiritul-etic-si-acuzatia-de-colaborationism-1918-1925-Petre-Din.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ioan Slavici \u00eentre spiritul etic \u015fi acuza\u0163ia de colabora\u0163ionism 1918-1925<br>Ioan Slavici between Ethical Spirit of Collaboration and Charge 1918-1925<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d6190e89018524284' value='69e386d6190e89018524284'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d6190e89018524284' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d6190e89018524284' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d6190e89018524284' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d6190e89018524284' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Ioan Slavici between Ethical Spirit of Collaboration and Charge 1918-1925<\/strong> <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">[Summary] <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">Transylvanian people oppressed by the regime installed in 1867, campaigned for a return so the status of autonomy within the Habsburg monarchy, participation in state leadership, education of all levels and egual righ with the Hungarian nation. Union with Romania has newer bween officially formulated until the ordbreak of the First World War According to Lucian Boia it exist in imaginary Romanian elite of Great Romania was not current in 1914. <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">Ioan Slavici integrates the elite who considere the project should be run temporarily unifying the cultural coordinates. As au argument for his idea, he invoked the unification of the German and Italian State. As Nicolae Manolescu mentioned, that paradoxically the tolerance is lost on the shave. During the unfolding war, the writer did not collaborate with the occuper. In Bukarester Tageblatt he workes just as a corrector of woritten texts. The articles written in the Bucharest Gazette discharges him of collaborationism, imposed by court martial in 1919 and which for he executed elewen monthes of preson. Despite public refusal he remained a loyal supporter of the Austrian monarchy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Andra Carola PINCA<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Aspecte-privind-perioada-prenatala-si-nasterea-in-mediul-rural-din-Transilvania-Andra-Carola-Pinca-Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aspecte privind perioada prenatal\u0103 \u015fi na\u015fterea \u00een mediul rural din Transilvania \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului al XIX-lea<br>Aspects regarding the Antenatal Period and the Birth in the Rural World of Transylvania in the second half of the XIXth Century<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d6191b20023274215' value='69e386d6191b20023274215'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d6191b20023274215' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d6191b20023274215' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d6191b20023274215' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d6191b20023274215' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Aspects regarding the Antenatal Period and the Birth in the Rural World of Transylvania in the second half of the XIXth Century<\/strong> <\/span><br>(<span style=\"color: #000000\">Abstract) <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">The perpetuation of the mankind was the most important task of the woman in order of nature but also of culture; she fills her mission by giving birth. The first year of marriage usualty brought the first baby. In the traditional society, the rituals, the magical believes have a very important role; they appear everywhere and in any contexts, but especially in significant events in every person\u2019s life: birth, wedding, funeral. The natal believes made of woman\u2019s body an endless source of danger. During the pregnancy the woman was preoccupied to respect all the taboos; if they were not respected they could have negative consequences which could have cause even the child\u2019s death. Through magical methods and superstition they tried also to determine the unborn child\u2019s sex. <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">Birth was an important moment in a woman\u2019s life and at the same time a strict private and feminine act. The main role during birth, in the traditional rural world was still kept by the midwife. Even now magic had its well determined role. If the woman couldn\u2019t give birth, if she was in big pains, or any other problem appeared it was solved also through magic. Because of the precarious knowledge and the lack of qualified staff, because of the lack of hygiene or because of the mother\u2019s living conditions, child death rate was ver big. <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">During the XIXth century it can be seen that the illegitimate birth keep growing, showing a slow erosion of traditional mentality. <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">Birth &#8211; the first rite of passing &#8211; has the role to make the coming-out from the old stage and going-in in the next to be done according to rules imposed by the representation system of community. The customs related to this period make us think to an archaic world whose complexity has been transmitted during the centuries<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Adrian ONOFREIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Contributii-documentare-privind-evolutia-judetului-Nasaud-SInteza-pentru-perioada-1932-1937-Adrian-Onofreiu.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Contribu\u0163ii documentare privind evolu\u0163ia jude\u0163ului N\u0103s\u0103ud. Sinteza pentru perioada 1932-1937.<br>Contributions documentaires concernant l&#8217;evolution du departement de N\u0103s\u0103ud. La synthese des annees 1932-1937.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d61929a5059485714' value='69e386d61929a5059485714'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d61929a5059485714' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d61929a5059485714' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d61929a5059485714' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d61929a5059485714' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Contributions documentaires concernant l&#8217;\u00e9volution du d\u00e9partement de N\u0103s\u0103ud. La synth\u00e8se des ann\u00e9es 1932-1937.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">(<span style=\"color: #000000\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Le pr\u00e9sent article comprend&nbsp; la synth\u00e8se,&nbsp; pour une p\u00e9riode moyenne,&nbsp; de l\u2019\u00e9volution&nbsp; du&nbsp; d\u00e9partement appuy\u00e9e sur la synth\u00e8se \u00e9labor\u00e9e par l\u2019agence de Bistri\u021ba de la Banque Nationale de Roumanie. Le titre \u00e9tabli a \u00e9t\u00e9 celui de Monographie \u00e9conomique du d\u00e9partement de \/V\u00e2s\u00e2ud,1938. Les renseignements sont structur\u00e9es en 7 chapitres, compos\u00e9s comme des r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 un questionnaire \u00e9labor\u00e9 au niveau central.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Le premier chapitre pr\u00e9sente les donn\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e9rales concernant l&#8217;\u00e9tendue territoriale et la&nbsp; description physique ; le deuxi\u00e8me chapitre, dont on retient la proportion ethnique de 68,77 pour cent des roumains et 31,23 \u00e9trangers et proportions professionnelle de 70,63 agriculteurs et 29,37 autres m\u00e9tiers. Les plus consistent des chapitre est le troisi\u00e8me, d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 la situation \u00e9conomique. On peut y retirer, premi\u00e8rement la structure de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re, o\u00f9 la petite propri\u00e9t\u00e9 domine (33.206 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s dont la surface ne d\u00e9passe pas 10 ha), suivie par la moyenne (4.643 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s) et la grande (79 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s). A c\u00f4t\u00e9 de celles-ci, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la R\u00e9forme Agraire d\u2019apr\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re guerre mondiale, 3.420 paysans ont re\u00e7u des terres et encore 1.015 paysans ont en achet\u00e9. Le trait principal a \u00e9t\u00e9 le morcellement de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 cause de la vente et de la division par h\u00e9ritage. L\u2019analyse comprend des int\u00e9ressantes consid\u00e9rations concernant le prix de la terre et son taux d\u2019imp\u00f4t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Le quatri\u00e8me chapitre, d\u00e9di\u00e9 aux questions du capital et du cr\u00e9dit, pr\u00e9sente l\u2019activit\u00e9 bancaire &#8211; dont les unit\u00e9s admises \u00e0 r\u00e9escompter ou non sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es satisfaisante par la Banque Nationale et le syst\u00e8me de coop\u00e9ration de cr\u00e9dit, production et consomation satisfaisait en bonne partie les besoins de la population.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Les Ve&nbsp; chapitre pr\u00e9sente des consid\u00e9rations sur les finances publiques locales, avec l\u2019analyse dans domaine des imp\u00f4ts dus \u00e0 l\u2019Etat (directement ou indirectement), au d\u00e9partement, aux communes, ayant pour principale source l\u2019imp\u00f4t agricole, commercial et salariale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Les consid\u00e9rations du&nbsp; VIe&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; chapitre, d\u00e9did\u00e9 au niveau de vie sont int\u00e9ressantes. L\u2019analyse met en \u00e9vidence &nbsp;des traits marquants, concr\u00e9tis\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9norme diff\u00e9rence entre le milieu urbain et le milieu rurale, la diff\u00e9rence entre les habitants des r\u00e9gions fertiles du&nbsp; d\u00e9partement,&nbsp; les saxons,&nbsp; et ceux&nbsp; des r\u00e9gions moins favorables, montagneuses, les roumains; les premiers mangent habituellement du pain, comme nourriture principale, les derniers du lait et de la polente ; la mentalit\u00e9 et les contraintes de la vie religieuse &#8211; le je\u00fbne est vu comme une forme d\u2019\u00e9conomie dans le milieu rurale et non comme une expression du sentiment religieux. C\u2019est \u00e9galement int\u00e9ressante l\u2019analyse de la rentabilit\u00e9 d\u2019une ferme paysanne moyenne &#8211; 10&nbsp; ha &#8211; qui assurait,&nbsp; par l\u2019usage exclusif de la force du travail de la famille seulement la subsistance qui caract\u00e9rise principalement la vie des campagnes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>Sesiunea de comunic\u0103ri<\/em><\/strong><br><strong><em>Asocia\u0163ionismul transilvan \u00een secolele XIX-XX<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Vlad POPOVICI<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Forme-alternative-de-asociere-Structuri-etilitare-gregare-in-viata-politica-a-romanilor-din-Ungaria-1869-1896-Vlad-Popovici-Final-Copy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Forme alternative de asociere. Structuri elitare gregare \u00een via\u0163a politic\u0103 a rom\u00e2nilor din Ungaria (1869-1896). O perspectiv\u0103 teoretic\u0103.<br>Alternative Forms of Association. Gregarious Elite Structures in the Politica] Life of Romanians in Hungary (1869-1896). A Theoretical Perspective<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d6193d81026108835' value='69e386d6193d81026108835'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d6193d81026108835' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d6193d81026108835' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d6193d81026108835' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d6193d81026108835' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Alternative Forms of Association. Gregarious Elite Structures in the Political Life of Romanians in Hungary (1869-1896). A Theoretical Perspective<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The paper deals with the use of pluralism in the study of the Romanian political elite in Hungary between 1869 and 1896. Because further research is needed in order to properly evaluate the virtual Romanian political interest groups from the 19,h century, until well-founded conclusions will be brought into existence, a substitute term had&nbsp; to&nbsp; be used: gregarious elite structures. The study&nbsp; points to&nbsp; six&nbsp; possible interest groups that need further research&nbsp; along&nbsp; with&nbsp; other influential political actors,&nbsp; and&nbsp; then&nbsp; offers a brief preview of the interest groups theories. The main section of the paper proposes a key for approaching this very generous political and nationalist topic in a pluralist way. First comes the point that no western theory can be used without previous reconsiderations and that virtual interest groups spring out from inside the so-called Romanian political elite. This imposes a derogation from the laws of the power theories: instead of seeing elite theories and pluralism as alternative means of explanation, one should try to mingle with them in order to create an adequate pattern for th\u00ea study of this particularly special elite. Second: the birth, the composing elements and the objectives of an interest group are evaluated separately in order to create a sketch and to offer a comparison term. By using and adapting this sketch future research will be able to evaluate which Romanian elite structures in Hungary could be taken into account as interest groups. In the end, rather then proposing conclusions, the study underlines the necessity&nbsp; of alternative approach in the field of the Romanian 19lh century political elite and the future possibilities opened by the adapted use of pluralist theories.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Cornelia Nicoleta VLA\u015eIN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Rolul-fondurilor-Graniceresti-Nasaudene-Cornelia-Nicoleta-Vlasin.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rolul Fondurilor Gr\u0103nicere\u015fti N\u0103s\u0103udene<br>The Role of Nasaud Border Guards&#8217; Funds<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d6194ae8080193326' value='69e386d6194ae8080193326'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d6194ae8080193326' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d6194ae8080193326' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d6194ae8080193326' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d6194ae8080193326' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">The Role of Nasaud Border Guards\u2019 Funds<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The Nasaud Bording Funds had a history that individualised them among the other funds in Transylvania. The contribution of the Bording Funds to the development of the Romanian education was one of the most important in the history of Transylvania. Their efforts, in Austrian currency was about 1.934.000 florins. &nbsp;An important contribution of the Stipend Fond can be noticed in preparing the young-men following the high school, average and job schools. They gave 2977 schoolarships of 434.551 florins.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Adrian ONOFREIU<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Cadrul-intelectual-al-asocierii-intre-idei-si-realizari-in-Districtul-Nasaud-1861-1876-Adrian-Onofreiu-final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cadrul intelectual al asocierii \u00eentre idei \u015fi realiz\u0103ri \u00een Districtul N\u0103s\u0103ud (1861-1876)<br>Intellectual Framework of Association between Ideas and Achievements in N\u0103s\u0103ud District<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d6195721020776395' value='69e386d6195721020776395'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d6195721020776395' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d6195721020776395' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d6195721020776395' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d6195721020776395' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Intellectual Framework of Association between Ideas and Achievements in N\u0103s\u0103ud District<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Former territory of the Border Regiment from N\u0103s\u0103ud constituted a permanent source of recruitment and training of the Romanian intellectuals. This happened especially during the existence of the N\u0103s\u0103ud District, when the involvement in the national movement of Romanians from Transylvania was more consistent. The result was defined by the association of intellectuals from here on general ideas of the Romanian nation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">In the newly created framework during the existence of the N\u0103s\u0103ud District the author examines the idea of association at intellectual level and the structures that resulted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">A first level was that of institutional framework,&nbsp; in&nbsp; which&nbsp; are examined&nbsp; the considered&nbsp; forms in&nbsp; the Romanian&nbsp; Casina Society&nbsp; \/the N\u0103s\u0103ud&nbsp; Intellectuals Society&nbsp; and&nbsp; the involvement in&nbsp; material and&nbsp; spiritual support of ASTRA\/the Romanian People\u2019s Association for Literature and Culture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Another level was that of donations and testamentary legacy \/ wills, which have formed the material basis of funds and private foundation, created to serve the common good. Reflected in numerous similar foundations, the support has materialized in the financial support of many intellectuals, especially during their schooling, from trades practice studies, then the secondary and higher education.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Additional associations outlined to another level of expression the idea of association, both locally and to the most general of the District as a whole. There were created or designed charitable societies, science and art meetings, scientific meetings, meetings of intellectuals reading companies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">All these forms have resulted from the associative nature of the organization itself &#8211; even if imposed &#8211; of the military&nbsp; structure represented&nbsp; by&nbsp; the Border Regiment from N\u0103s\u0103ud&nbsp; and&nbsp; which&nbsp; was perpetuated&nbsp; in&nbsp; the existing period of The N\u0103s\u0103ud District.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">For example, there is shown in the annex the statute draft of the Science and Art Meeting from N\u0103s\u0103ud District.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Iulia-Maria POP<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Reuniunea-Mariana-a-invatatorilor-greco-catolici-din-Nasaud-Iulia-Maria-Pop.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reuniunea &#8222;Mariana&#8221; a \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103torilor greco-catolici din N\u0103s\u0103ud. Statute \u015fi forme de organizare. <br>The &#8222;Mariana&#8221; Reunion ofthe Greek-Catholic Teachers in Nasaud. Statutes and Forms of Organization<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d6196d80086663455' value='69e386d6196d80086663455'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d6196d80086663455' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d6196d80086663455' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d6196d80086663455' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d6196d80086663455' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">The \u2019\u2019Mariana\u201d Reunion of the Greek-Catholic Teachers in Nasaud. &nbsp;Statutes and Forms of Organization<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">In&nbsp; the Romanian&nbsp; provinces which&nbsp; were under Austrian-Hungarian&nbsp; domination,&nbsp; the Romanian&nbsp; school masters of Greek-Catholic confession&nbsp; constituted&nbsp; seven&nbsp; professional associations,&nbsp; called&nbsp; reunions,&nbsp; organized on the model of German and Hungarian schoolmaster\u2019s reunions. The article explains the way of constitution of the Greek-Catholic schoolmasters from the N\u0103s\u0103ud and it renders new information about the structure and the provisions included in the first internal statutes of functioning. Structurally speaking, these statutes comprise chapters and sub-chapters which provide information about the purpose of the reunion, the officials and the obligations of its members, about the activity, the forms of manifestation and the means used in order to reach some wishes established beforehand. All this information completes the scientific circuit and it contributes of the unitary recovery of the history of the professional associations, of the local history viewed as an integral part of the national history.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Iosif Marin BALOG, Ani\u015foara BALOG<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Institute-si-societati-de-asigurare-din-Tr-in-a-doua-jumatate-a-secolului-al-XIX-lea-Iosif-Marin-Balog-Anisoara-Balog.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Institute \u015fi societ\u0103\u0163i de asigurare din Transilvania \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului al XIX-lea. Rolul lor \u00een promovarea asocia\u0163ionismului \u015fi spiritului de solidaritate<br>Institutions and Insurance Companies in Transylvania in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century. Their Ro le in Promoting the Spirit of Association and Solidarity<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d61979e1057424985' value='69e386d61979e1057424985'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d61979e1057424985' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d61979e1057424985' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d61979e1057424985' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d61979e1057424985' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">Institutions and Insurance Companies in Transylvania in the Second Half of the &nbsp;Nineteenth Century. Their Role in Promoting the Spirit of Association and Solidarity<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The study&nbsp; covers the role played&nbsp; by&nbsp; institutes and&nbsp; insurance companies in&nbsp; Transylvania in&nbsp; the second half of the 19th&nbsp; century&nbsp; in&nbsp; promoting&nbsp; ideas and&nbsp; principles of association&nbsp; and&nbsp; spirit of solidarity.&nbsp; There are a form of association practiced in Transylvanian society, an expression of guiding energies in the service of common goals. The case study refers to the Insurance Company of the Romanian-Saxon \u201cTransilvania\u201d which was established&nbsp; on&nbsp; the principle of solidarity&nbsp; cooperative,&nbsp; voluntary&nbsp; association&nbsp; and&nbsp; collective responsibility, as a successful example of how the company operated in the spirit of association Transylvanian half a century ago and even at inter-ethnic level.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Nicolae TE\u015eCUL\u0102<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Asociationism-si-grupari-politice-la-sasii-ardeleni-in-deceniul-7-al-secolului-al-XiX-lea-Nicolae-Tescula.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Asocia\u0163ionism \u015fi grup\u0103ri politice la sa\u015fii ardeleni \u00een deceniul 7 al secolului al XIX<br>Associationism and Political Groupings in the case ofTransylvanian Saxons in the 7th decade of the 19th century<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d6198713054323857' value='69e386d6198713054323857'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d6198713054323857' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d6198713054323857' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d6198713054323857' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d6198713054323857' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Associationism and Political Groupings in the case of Transylvanian Saxons in the 7th decade of the 19th century<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The 7th decade of the 19lh century brings forth a modification in the juridical status of Transylvanian <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">Saxons, who become from privileged nation a minority inside a nation state. This fact would determine, on the one hand, the national Transylvanian Saxon movement to reach its modern stage with the appearance of political groupings, which would later result in the formation of the Popular Transylvanian Saxon Party after the compromise of Medias in 1872. <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">On the other hand, the Saxon University loses its leading role, its place being taken by the Evangelical Church, and within the same period, we come across a surge of the associationist movement. We deal with a multitude of associations, ranging from cultural ones to commercial and including those of a tourist or sporting nature. <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #000000\">Their role within ethnic solidarity was of utmost importance, no matter the degree in which they managed to get involved in the extremely agitated political life of the Transylvanian Saxons. They managed to unite people sharing the same ideals and aspirations, their aim was the flourishing of the nation, in spite of the hardships it was daily confronted with.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Ovidiu IUDEAN<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Rolul-fundatiilor-personale-administrate-de-fondurile-graniceresti-nasaudene-studiu-de-caz-george-pop-din-Lesu.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rolul funda\u0163iilor personale administrate de &#8222;Fondurile gr\u0103nicere\u015fti n\u0103s\u0103udene&#8221; \u00een dezvoltarea \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntului din \u0163inutul N\u0103s\u0103udului. Studiu de caz: Funda\u0163ia &#8222;Locotenent George Pop din Le\u015fu&#8221;<br>The Role of the Personal Foundations Administered by The &#8222;Nasa ud Border Guards&#8217; Funds&#8221; in the Development of Education in the Nasa ud County. Case Study: The &#8222;George Pop Lieutenant of Lesu&#8221; Foundation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d6199659025840744' value='69e386d6199659025840744'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d6199659025840744' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d6199659025840744' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d6199659025840744' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d6199659025840744' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">The Role of the Personal Foundations Administered by The \u201cNasaud Border Guards\u2019 Funds\u201d in the Development of Education in the Nasaud County. &nbsp;Case Study: The \u2019\u2019George Pop Lieutenant of Lesu\u201d Foundation<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The personal Foundations in the 2\u2019nd Frontier Regiment\u2019s area have had an important role in the education and&nbsp; cultural development of the N\u0103s\u0103ud&nbsp; District.&nbsp; The financial resources of those Foundations managed by&nbsp; a just directorship&nbsp; from the office of \u201cAdministration&nbsp; of the Border Founds\u201d (Administra\u021bia Fondurilor Gr\u0103nicere\u0219ti), have served not only the interest of the N\u0103s\u00e2ud\u2019s students, but also those of the population, by having the role of in some aspects veritable mutual funds. Our wish is to bring forth a broad image about the role and the destiny of such a foundation. In doing so we present some chronological aspects that refer to the biography of Lieutenant George Pop, aspects that ultimately refer to the establishment, development, the statutes and role of a foundation that bears his name. Our option, to pay a special attention to the \u201cLieutenant George Pop\u201d Foundation is motivated by the need to enrich the local historiography of the subject with an important and until now little known aspect.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Dorin DOLOGA<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Societatea-de-lectura-a-elevilor-virtus-romana-rediviva.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Societatea de lectur\u0103 a elevilor&#8221; Virtus Romana Rediviva&#8221; \u00een perioada dualismului austro-ungar (1867-1918) <br>La societe de lecture des eleves ,,Virtus Romana Rediviva&#8221; pendant le dualisme austro-hongrois (1867-1918)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d619a294011927806' value='69e386d619a294011927806'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d619a294011927806' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d619a294011927806' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d619a294011927806' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d619a294011927806' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de lecture des \u00e9l\u00e8ves \u201eVirtus Romana Rediviva\u201d pendant le dualisme austro-hongrois (1867-1918)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(R\u00e9sum\u00e9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">On peut nommer le XIX si\u00e8cle comme le si\u00e8cle des associations dans la region de Transsylvanie. Faute d\u2019institutions roumains l\u2019associationisme a constitu\u00e9 un&nbsp; facteur d\u2019institutionalisation&nbsp; dans toutes les domains d\u2019activit\u00e9 pendant le XlX-\u00e9me si\u00e8cle.&nbsp; Pourtant,&nbsp; les institutions roumains ne manquaient totalement.&nbsp; Par exemple des telles institutions \u00e9taient l\u2019ecole et l\u2019eglise.&nbsp; Pendant le dualisme austro-hongrois ces institutins ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soumises aux&nbsp; pressions de l\u2019Etat hongrois.&nbsp; Les autorit\u00e9s voulaient utiliser l\u2019ecole comme un moyen d\u2019assimilation de la population roumaine avec la population hongroise. Les association ont represente\u00e9 un moyen d\u2019eluder les restrictions scolaires impos\u00e9e par l\u2019Erat hongrois. Parmi les associations il ya une nomm\u00e9e \u201eVirtus Romana Rediviva\u201d. Etant preocup\u00e9e par la probl\u00e9matique &nbsp;scolaire de la r\u00e9gion de N\u0103s\u0103ud, j\u2019ai decouverte que cette association a jue un roi important dans ce p\u00e9riode. &nbsp;C\u2019\u00e9tait une association culturelle, fond\u00e9e par les \u00e9l\u00e8ves du Gymnase greco-catholique de N\u0103s\u0103ud. \u201eVirtus Romana Rediviva\u201d avait comme objectif de promovoir la lecture et de faire conna\u00eetre les ouvrages de la literature roumaine a l\u2019aide de la lecture des livres. L\u2019activit\u00e9e de cette societ\u00e9e a compris des seances literaire. la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une biblioth\u00e8que et aussi la r\u00e9daction de la revue nom\u00e9e \u201eMuza Some\u0219an\u0103\u201d. Cette societ\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 un moyen d\u2019enseignement suplimentaire. \u201eVirtus Romana Rediviva\u201d a marqu\u00e9 la renaissance de l\u2019esprit critique dans la literature de la Transylvanie. Parmi sa function de rassembler les roumains, les associations ont constitu\u00e9e un moyen de manif\u00e9station de la solidarit\u00e9e nationalle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Andreea D\u0102NCIL\u0102<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/activitatea-societatiiscriitorilor-romani-in-Tr-la-inceput-de-secol-XX.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Activitatea &#8222;Societ\u0103\u0163ii scriitorilor rom\u00e2ni&#8221; \u00een Transilvania la \u00eenceput de secol XX<br>The Activity of The &#8222;Romanian Writers&#8217; Society&#8221; in Transylvania at the Beginning of the 20th Century<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e386d619aed0060262524' value='69e386d619aed0060262524'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e386d619aed0060262524' value='Arat\u0103 rezumat'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e386d619aed0060262524' value='Ascunde rezumat'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e386d619aed0060262524' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Arat\u0103 rezumat<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e386d619aed0060262524' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">The Activity of The \u201cRomanian Writers\u2019 Society\u201d in Transylvania &nbsp;at the Beginning of the 20th Century<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Abstract)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The activity of the Romanian Writers\u2019 Society in Transylvania at the beginning of the 20th century &nbsp;This paper aims to analyze the Transylvanian sequence of the Romanian Writers\u2019 Society at the beginning of the 20th century, Society that turned in 1949 into the Writers\u2019 Union of Romania. Transylvania as part of the cultural project of this cultural society, the way this organism is received in Transylvania, the debates born around&nbsp; its manifestations; the stake of the professionalization&nbsp; of the writer constitute interesting&nbsp; aspects for the research&nbsp; of the romanian&nbsp; cultural pre-war period.&nbsp; The two&nbsp; important celebrations in&nbsp; which&nbsp; this society is involved in Sibiu and Arad in 1911 represented events with a broad echo and implications not only in the literary field, but also in the political one. &nbsp;Subsidiary,&nbsp; our presentation concerns the professional identity dilemmas of the Transylvanian writers at the beginning of the 20th century.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anul: 2009 Editor: Complexul Muzeal \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103udISSN: 1222-5096 Carol KACSODepozitul de bronzuri de la Uriu (I) Das Bronzedepot van Uriu (I) Corneliu GAIUUn cuptor de ars ceramic\u0103 de la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul epocii bronzuluiUn<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/revistabistritei.ro\/?page_id=64\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-64","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.1 - 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